Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants
| Characteristic | Intervention (n = 180) | Control (n = 179) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 51.7 (10.7) | 51.2 (11.3) | 0.69 |
| Sex (%) | 0.15 | ||
| Male | 62.2 | 56.4 | |
| Female | 37.8 | 41.9 | |
| Transgender | 0 | 1.7 | |
| Race (%) | 0.11 | ||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 0.6 | 0 | |
| Asian | 0 | 0 | |
| White | 23.9 | 20.7 | |
| Black or African American | 54.4 | 49.7 | |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 | 0 | |
| More than one race | 10.0 | 6.7 | |
| Other | 8.9 | 16.7 | |
| Unknown or not reported | 2.2 | 6.7 | |
| Latino ethnicity (%) | 20.0 | 26.3 | 0.16 |
| Insurance type (%) | 0.70 | ||
| Private | 7.2 | 8.4 | |
| Medicare | 28.3 | 24.0 | |
| Medicaid | 77.8 | 77.1 | |
| ADAP | 11.1 | 13.4 | |
| Other | 7.2 | 6.7 | |
| None | 3.3 | 1.1 | |
| Monthly income (%) | 0.88 | ||
| $0 to $999 | 70.0 | 67.6 | |
| $1000 to $1999 | 21.1 | 23.5 | |
| $2000 and over | 8.9 | 8.9 | |
| Education (%) | 0.66 | ||
| Less than high school | 28.9 | 31.3 | |
| High school diploma/GED or equivalent | 31.1 | 28.5 | |
| Some college (no degree) or technical school | 20.6 | 24.0 | |
| Associate degree | 10.6 | 6.7 | |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher | 8.9 | 9.5 | |
| Frequency of computer use (%) | 0.79 | ||
| Missing | 0 | 1 | |
| Never | 25.1 | 25.1 | |
| Frequency of Internet use (%) | 0.23 | ||
| Number missing | 0 | 2 | |
| Never | 17.3 | 23.0 | |
| Familiarity with an iPod, an iPad, or an iPhone | 0.89 | ||
| Number missing | 0 | 2 | |
| Never heard of it | 1.1 | 1.7 | |
| I’ve heard of but have not used one | 53.6 | 48.9 | |
| I’ve used one a few times | 18.4 | 18.5 | |
| I previously owned one | 12.3 | 14 | |
| I currently own one | 14.5 | 16.9 | |
| No. of visits/year | 5.6 (3.5) | 5.4 (3.4) | 0.66 |
| Undetectable viral load (%) | 76.7 | 75.4 | 0.78 |
| Baseline outcome measures, mean (SD) | |||
| Patient Activation Measure26 | 72.15 (16.70) | 70.78 (15.57) | 0.21 |
| eHealth Literacy Scale27 | 28.53 (7.75) | 27.27 (8.52) | 0.14 |
| Decision Self-Efficacy Scale28 | 91.05 (12.63) | 90.76 (12.03) | 0.41 |
| Perceived Involvement in Care Scale29 | 30.58 (5.89) | 30.17 (5.59) | 0.25 |
| Instrument on Doctor Patient Communication Skills30 | 85.07 (13.50) | 82.63 (17.00) | 0.07 |
| HIV Adherence Self-Efficacy Scale31 | 101.27 (18.49) | 100.84 (19.54) | 0.58 |
| SF-12 (mental)32 | 45.93 (11.15) | 45.99 (11.04) | 0.52 |
| SF-12 (physical)_ENREF_5454 | 43.15 (12.76) | 44.80 (12.17) | 0.89 |