Table 3.
Effect of the GREAT Intervention on 12-Month Outcomes
| Outcomes | Intervention | Control | Coefficient estimates | 95% CI lower upper | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||||
| Measures | ||||||||
| Primary outcome | ||||||||
| Patient Activation Measure (PAM)† | 73.35 | 1.13 | 70.53 | 1.14 | 2.82 | 0.32 | 5.32 | 0.0271 |
| Secondary empowerment outcomes | ||||||||
| eHealth Literacy Scale† | 29.81 | 1.45 | 27.67 | 1.42 | 2.67 | 1.38 | 3.95 | < 0.0001 |
| Decision Self-Efficacy Scale† | 91.89 | 0.86 | 90.81 | 0.87 | 1.09 | − 0.82 | 3.00 | 0.2631 |
| Perceived Involvement in Care Scale† | 33.74 | 0.94 | 32.47 | 0.90 | 1.27 | 0.41 | 2.13 | 0.0038 |
| Perceived Clinician Communication (IDPCS)§ | 85.06 | 1.24 | 83.49 | 1.25 | 3.18 | 0.01 | 6.35 | 0.0490 |
| HIV adherence and viral suppression | ||||||||
| HIV Adherence Self-Efficacy Scale | 102.80 | 1.08 | 103.13 | 1.07 | − 0.33 | − 3.26 | 2.60 | 0.8251 |
| Self-reported adherence | 89.33 | 1.09 | 89.90 | 1.09 | − 0.56 | − 3.44 | 2.32 | 0.7014 |
| Undetectable viral load* | 87% | 3.1% | 86% | 3.1% | 0.00 | − 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.9113 |
| Receipt of HIV-related care and preventive services | ||||||||
| Index | 0.35 | 0.01 | 0.35 | 0.02 | − 0.01 | − 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.9937 |
| Health status | ||||||||
| SF-12 (mental) | 46.38 | 0.73 | 46.99 | 0.73 | − 0.61 | − 2.29 | 1.08 | 0.4787 |
| SF-12 (physical) | 44.83 | 0.71 | 45.13 | 0.72 | − 0.30 | − 2.29 | 1.66 | 0.7625 |
| Interactions | ||||||||
| PAM: low PAM × arm | 0.0175 | |||||||
| PAM: minority race × arm§ | 0.9998 | |||||||
| PAM: low education × arm | 0.1504 | |||||||
| PAM: IDPCS × arm | 0.5389 | |||||||
| eHEALS: minority race × arm§ | 0.0275 | |||||||
| eHEALS: low education × arm | 0.5509 | |||||||
Bolded numbers refer to statistically significant values, i.e. p <0.05
IDPCS Instrument on Doctor Patient Communication Skills, SF-12 Short Form Health Survey: Physical and Mental Health
*Percent of patients with testing whose viral load was undetectable
†Significance between arms at α = 0.05 (all remained significant after Bonferroni correction for secondary measures (p < 0.0047) except IDPCS which was no longer statistically significant)
‡For mixed model calculation, arms, cohort, timeline, race, ethnicity, gender, age, computer use, education, familiarity with an iPod, an iPad or iPhone, income, internet use, and marital status have been considered
§minority race = non-white (vs white/non-Hispanic), low education = < high school (vs > high school), low PAM = bottom quartile (vs remainder), low eHEALS = bottom quartile (vs remainder)