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. 2019 Aug 27;9:12445. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47447-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Dynamics of DWV RNA accumulation in Varroa destructor mites and honey bee pupae from Experiment 1: “Varroa mite DWV acquisition experiment”. (a,c) Average DWV RNA copies per (a) Varroa destructor mites, and (b) honey bee pupae, ± SD. Red letters above the bars indicate significantly and non-significantly different groups (ANOVA). Treatment groups are named as in the Fig. 1. Individual mite and pupa copy numbers indicated by black dots. Corresponding mite (a) and pupae (c) groups are aligned vertically. (b) Detection of negative strand DWV RNA in Varroa mite groups. The Ct values shown are as follows: Assay 1/Assay 2.