Table 3. ORs (95% CIs) of type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with different levels of fetuin-A, the Singapore Chinese Health Study.
| Variable | Four groups fetuin-A | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1a | Group 2a | Group 3a | Group 4 | ||
| Male, µg/mL, median (range) | 412 (262–487) | 564 (490–628) | 727 (632–829) | 998 (833–1,499) | |
| Female, µg/mL, median (range) | 405 (259–488) | 556 (489–631) | 714 (632–829) | 1,027 (830–1,682) | |
| Cases/controls | 105/137 | 107/137 | 151/137 | 195/147 | |
| Crude model, OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.38 (0.87–2.21) | 2.02 (1.24–3.30) | 2.07 (1.27–3.38) | 0.001 |
| Model 1b, OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.41 (0.89–2.23) | 2.02 (1.25–3.27) | 2.16 (1.34–3.47) | 0.002 |
| Model 1b+hs-CRP, OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.38 (0.86–2.20) | 1.94 (1.19–3.16) | 2.03 (1.25–3.31) | 0.003 |
| Model 1b+adiponectin, OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.32 (0.81–2.16) | 1.98 (1.19–3.31) | 1.83 (1.10–3.05) | 0.013 |
| Model 1b+TG/HDL-C, OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.30 (0.79–2.16) | 2.11 (1.26–3.54) | 1.86 (1.11–3.13) | 0.009 |
| Model 1b+ALT, OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.29 (0.79–2.11) | 1.92 (1.15–3.19) | 1.80 (1.08–3.00) | 0.015 |
| Model 1b+random glucose, OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.22 (0.70–2.13) | 1.76 (0.99–3.13) | 1.98 (1.10–3.55) | 0.011 |
| Model 2c, OR (95% CI) | 1.00 | 1.28 (0.74–2.20) | 1.84 (1.05–3.23) | 1.60 (0.92–2.78) | 0.169 |
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; hs-CRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; ALT, alanine aminotransferase.
aGroup 1–3 were categorized into tertiles among controls with fetuin-A levels less than 830 mg/L, bModel 1: adjusted for age at blood taken (continuous), smoking status (never, ever smoker), alcohol intake (never, weekly or daily), moderate-to-vigorous weekly activity levels (<0.5, 0.5 to 3.9, and ≥ 4 hours/week), education levels (no, primary school, secondary or above), history of hypertension (yes, no), fasting status (yes, no), and body mass index (continuous), cModel 2: Model 1 plus hs-CRP (mg/L), adiponectin (µg/mL), TG-to-HDL-C ratio, ALT (IU/L) and random glucose (mmol/L; all in quartiles).