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Schematic of non-canonical NLRP3 inflammasome. LPS enters into cytosol independent of TLR4, induces caspase 11 to cleave gasdermin D. N-terminal of gasdermin D leads to cell pyroptosis and pore formation on the cell membrane, which results in the formation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome leads to the release of IL-1β and IL-18 by similar mechanisms to the canonical pathway. (The color version of the figure is available in the electronic copy of the article).
