Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by heart failure group
| Variable | NVAF + CHF | HFpEF | HFrEF | Standardized difference | P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Count | 305 223 | 210 917 (69%) | 94 306 (31%) | — | — |
| Age (years) | 75.4 ± 11.6 | 76.0 ± 11.4 | 73.8 ± 11.8 | 0.190 | <0.001 |
| Male | 59.6% | 54.5% | 73.4% | −0.402 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.2 ± 6.5 | 29.5 ± 6.6 | 28.6 ± 6.2 | 0.131 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 294 912 (86.7%) | 220 065 (88.7%) | 74 847 (81.4%) | 0.206 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 106 840 (31.4%) | 76 591 (30.9%) | 30 249 (32.9%) | −0.043 | <0.001 |
| CKD | 31 108 (9.1%) | 21 758 (8.8%) | 9350 (10.2%) | −0.048 | <0.001 |
| TIA/stroke | 76 143 (22.4%) | 56 914 (22.9%) | 19 229 (20.9%) | 0.049 | <0.001 |
| Systemic TE | 4990 (1.5%) | 3486 (1.4%) | 1504 (1.6%) | −0.019 | <0.001 |
| Previous MI | 84 940 (25.0%) | 55 391 (22.3%) | 29 549 (32.1%) | −0.221 | <0.001 |
| CAD | 236 023 (69.4%) | 165 753 (66.8%) | 70 270 (76.4%) | −0.214 | <0.001 |
| PCI | 70 887 (20.8%) | 50 500 (20.4%) | 20 387 (22.2%) | −0.044 | <0.001 |
| CABG | 62 909 (18.5%) | 41 434 (16.7%) | 21 475 (23.3%) | −0.167 | <0.001 |
| NYHA class | <0.001 | ||||
| I | 46 406 (13.6%) | 40 818 (16.4%) | 5588 (6.1%) | 0.333 | — |
| II | 41 388 (12.2%) | 30 379 (12.2%) | 11 009 (12.0%) | 0.008 | — |
| III | 17 060 (5.0%) | 10 351(4.2%) | 6709 (7.3%) | −0.135 | — |
| IV | 1973 (0.6%) | 1076 (0.4%) | 897 (1.0%) | −0.065 | — |
| Dyspnea | 208 697 (61.4%) | 155 048 (62.5%) | 53 649 (58.3%) | 0.085 | <0.001 |
| Orthopnea | 52 847 (15.5%) | 38 005 (15.3%) | 14 842 (16.1%) | −0.022 | <0.001 |
| Rales | 23 398 (6.9%) | 16 581 (6.7%) | 6817 (7.4%) | −0.028 | <0.001 |
| Edema | 151 711 (44.6%) | 113 223 (45.6%) | 38 488 (41.8%) | 0.076 | <0.001 |
| S3Gallop | 21 443 (6.3%) | 13 936 (5.6%) | 7507 (8.2%) | −0.101 | <0.001 |
| S4Gallop | 29 107 (8.6%) | 20 924 (8.4%) | 8183 (8.9%) | −0.016 | <0.001 |
| Ascites | 2754 (0.8%) | 1799 (0.7%) | 955 (1.0%) | −0.034 | <0.001 |
| JVD | 22 522 (6.6%) | 14 884 (6.0%) | 7638 (8.3%) | −0.090 | <0.001 |
| LVEF (%) | 3.439 | <0.001 | |||
| Mean ± SD | 48.7 ± 15.1 | 56.1 ± 9.0 | 28.0 ± 7.3 | — | — |
| Median (IQR) | 52.0(38.0,60.0) | 55.0(50.0,61.0) | 30.0(23.0,35.0) | — | — |
| CHA2DS2‐VASc | |||||
| Mean ± SD | 5.0 ± 1.6 | 5.0 ± 1.6 | 4.7 ± 1.6 | 0.205 | <0.001 |
| 1 | 4568 (1.3%) | 2737 (1.1%) | 1831 (2.0%) | −0.072 | — |
| 2 | 19 323 (5.7%) | 12 666 (5.1%) | 6657 (7.2%) | −0.089 | — |
| 3 | 38 543 (11.3%) | 25 910 (10.4%) | 12 633 (13.7%) | −0.101 | — |
| 4 | 67 848 (19.9%) | 47 659 (19.2%) | 20 189 (21.9%) | −0.068 | — |
| 5 | 90 328 (26.6%) | 67 248 (27.1%) | 23 080 (25.1%) | 0.046 | — |
| 6 | 60 369 (17.7%) | 45 934 (18.5%) | 14 435 (15.7%) | 0.075 | — |
| 7 | 35 886 (10.6%) | 27 522 (11.1%) | 8364 (9.1%) | 0.066 | — |
| 8 | 18 882 (5.6%) | 14 785 (6.0%) | 4097 (4.5%) | 0.068 | — |
| 9 | 4380 (1.3%) | 3675 (1.5%) | 705 (0.8%) | 0.068 | — |
| DAPT | 38 812 (11.4%) | 25 554 (10.3%) | 13 258 (14.4%) | −0.125 | <0.001 |
| Aspirin | 200 510 (59.0%) | 143 172 (57.7%) | 57 338 (62.3%) | −0.095 | <0.001 |
| P2Y12 | 49 551 (14.6%) | 32 841 (13.2%) | 16 710 (18.2%) | −0.136 | <0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CAD coronary artery disease; DAPT, dual antiplatelet therapy; IQR, interquartile range; JVD, jugular venous distention; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MI myocardial infarction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PCI percutaneous coronary intervention; TIA transient ischemic attack; TE thromboembolism.