Table 1.

Definition and signs of cardiogenic shock

Hemodynamic criteria

1. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) of less than 90 mm Hg for >30 minutes, or use of vasopressors/inotropes to maintain SBP greater than 90 mm Hg

2. Reduced cardiac output (<1.8 L/min/m2), or 2.0‐2.2 L/min/m2 with vasopressor/inotropic support, in presence of elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

Signs of tissue hypoperfusion

1. Tachycardia

2. Pale, cool, and clammy peripheries, prolonged capillary refill time

3. Oliguria

4. Altered mental status/confusion

5. Elevated lactate

6. Mixed venous saturation of less than 65%