Table 2.

Mechanisms of cardiogenic shock

Causes of CS associated with AMI

AMI without mechanical complications:

1. Severe left ventricular dysfunction (new ± pre‐existing dysfunction)

2. Severe right ventricular dysfunction (with/without LV dysfunction)

3. Arrhythmias secondary to ischemia

AMI with mechanical complications:

1. Papillary muscle or chordal rupture, resulting in mitral regurgitation

2. Left ventricular dilatation leading to failed mitral leaflet coaptation

3. Ventricular septal rupture

4. Free wall rupture

5. Ascending aortic dissection involving coronaries ± aortic valve

Causes of CS not related to AMI

1. Fulminant myocarditis

2. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with outflow obstruction

3. Decompensated dilated/restrictive cardiomyopathy

4. Tako‐tsubo cardiomyopathy

5. Peripartum/post‐partm‐cardiomyopathy

6. Post cardiotomy

7. Significant pulmonary embolism

8. Myocardial dysfunction related to neurological cause, for example, subarachnoid hemorrhage

9. Cardiac tamponade

10. Mitral stenosis