Table 4.
Unadjusted and adjusted relationship of explanatory variables with essential neonatal care utilization
| Variables | Neonatal care utilization | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (%) | No (%) | |||
| Birth order | ||||
| 1–2 | 179 (63.0) | 105 (37.0) | 2.32 (1.39–3.87) | 2.06 (1.13–3.75)a |
| 3 and more | 33 (42.3) | 45 (57.7) | Ref | |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Tharu | 166 (69.2) | 74 (30.8) | 3.71 (2.35–5.86) | 2.28 (1.33–3.91)a |
| Non-Tharu | 46 (37.7) | 76 (62.3) | Ref. | |
| Mothers autonomy | ||||
| High | 80 (66.1) | 41 (33.9) | 2.23 (1.33–3.75) | 1.248 (0.69–2.27) |
| Medium | 76 (62.8) | 45 (37.2) | 1.93 (1.15–3.23) | 1.226 (0.68–2.21) |
| Low | 56 (46.7) | 64 (53.3) | Ref. | |
| Religion | ||||
| Hindu | 201 (62.4) | 121 (37.6) | 4.38 (2.11–9.09) | 2.37 (1.03–5.46)a |
| Others | 11 (27.5) | 29 (72.5) | Ref. | |
| Wealth Quintile | ||||
| Rich | 49 (65.3) | 26 (34.7) | 2.09 (1.18–3.70) | 1.04 (0.53–2.06) |
| Medium | 90 (67.7) | 43 (32.3) | 2.32 (1.44–3.76) | 1.411 (0.87–2.60) |
| Poor | 73 (47.4) | 81 (52.6) | Ref. | |
| Education of mother | ||||
| Secondary & higher | 86 (69.4) | 38 (30.6) | 2.01 (1.27–3.18) | 1.16 (0.65–2.06) |
| Below secondary | 126 (52.9) | 112 (47.1) | Ref. | |
| Education of father | ||||
| Secondary & higher | 119 (64.0) | 67 (36.0) | 1.59 (1.04–2.42) | 1.11 (0.65–1.92) |
| Below secondary | 93 (52.8) | 83 (47.2) | Ref. | |
| Perceived quality of MNCH services | ||||
| Good quality services | 155 (66.0) | 80 (34.0) | 2.38 (1.53–3.70) | 2.66 (1.61–4.39)a |
| Poor quality services | 57 (44.9) | 70 (55.1) | Ref. | |
| Awareness of immediate essential neonatal care | ||||
| ≥ 3 neonatal cares | 94 (73.4) | 34 (26.6) | 2.72 (1.70–4.34) | 2.22 (1.28–3.87)a |
| < 3 neonatal cares | 118 (50.4) | 116 (49.6) | Ref. | |
| Awareness of newborn danger signs | ||||
| ≥ 3 danger signs | 55 (68.8) | 25 (31.3) | 1.75 (1.03–2.97) | 1.12 (0.64–2.26) |
| < 3 danger signs | 157 (55.7) | 125 (44.3) | Ref. | |
| Distance to HF | ||||
| ≤ 60 min | 155 (62.0) | 95 (38.0) | 1.57 (1.00–2.47) | 1.40 (0.89–2.54) |
| > 60 min | 57 (50.9) | 55 (49.1) | Ref. | |
aStatistically significant at 95% CI