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. 2019 Aug 27;9:68. doi: 10.1186/s13578-019-0332-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — Metformin attenuates Ang-II-induced activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and the expression of LC3B and Beclin1 in ApoE^−/−mice. Immunohistochemistry staining was used to observe the expression of PI3K, AKT, mTOR, LC3B and Beclin1, and the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT and mTOR in aortic tissue