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. 2019 Aug 27;9:68. doi: 10.1186/s13578-019-0332-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Metformin attenuates Ang-II-induced activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR/autophagy pathway in ApoE^−/−mice. a The mRNA levels of PI3K, AKT, mTOR, LC3B and Beclin1 in the aneurysmal wall tissue of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) or the normal aortic tissue (Sham) were analyzed by qRT-PCR. b The protein levels of PI3K, AKT, mTOR, LC3B and Beclin1, and the phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT and mTOR were analyzed by Western blot