Fig. 1.

Common changes of metabolism in different subtypes of pituitary adenomas. a The decreased levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis in all subtypes of pituitary adenomas compared to normal pituitary glands; b the reduced essential amino acids in all subtypes of pituitary adenomas compared to normal pituitary glands; c the increased short-chain fatty acids and upregulated metabolites involved in nucleotide synthesis. PRL-PA prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas, GH-PA growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas, ACTH-PA adrenocorticotropic hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas, GT-PA gonadotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas, NC-PA null cell pituitary adenomas