Table 3.
Baseline and follow-up assessment results of participants
| Individualized Tai-Chi Group (n = 20) | Traditional Tai-Chi Group (n = 15) | Control Group (n = 15) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Follow-up | p value | Baseline | Follow-up | p value | Baseline | Follow up | p value | |
| Functional Balance | |||||||||
| BBS | 45.05 ± 12.17 | 48.00 ± 11.35 | 0.000* | 49.33 ± 4.52 | 51.33 ± 4.79 | 0.000* | 45.13 ± 12.35 | 45.87 ± 12.36 | 0.098 |
| TUG | 12.00 ± 8.45 | 10.10 ± 7.65 | 0.000* | 9.10 ± 1.94 | 8.33 ± 1.71 | 0.050 | 11.24 ± 9.59 | 10.52 ± 8.86 | 0.075 |
| FRD | 24.30 ± 7.40 | 26.24 ± 6.82 | 0.005* | 23.75 ± 6.47 | 25.52 ± 4.11 | 0.299 | 21.66 ± 7.01 | 22.03 ± 6.65 | 0.728 |
| Muscle Strength | |||||||||
| RH F | 14.55 ± 3.71 | 17.71 ± 3.84 | 0.002* | 16.39 ± 4.32 | 18.88 ± 3.25 | 0.011* | 13.64 ± 5.87 | 14.48 ± 4.57 | 0.340 |
| LH F | 14.47 ± 3.32 | 16.98 ± 3.86 | 0.005* | 15.29 ± 4.72 | 17.90 ± 3.75 | 0.010* | 13.09 ± 5.00 | 13.89 ± 4.45 | 0.393 |
| RH E | 13.64 ± 4.91 | 17.31 ± 5.60 | 0.000* | 16.06 ± 3.33 | 18.10 ± 3.85 | 0.026* | 12.67 ± 5.37 | 14.65 ± 5.00 | 0.033* |
| LH E | 14.36 ± 5.49 | 16.98 ± 3.86 | 0.001* | 15.71 ± 3.46 | 17.90 ± 3.75 | 0.083 | 12.57 ± 4.58 | 13.89 ± 4.45 | 0.128 |
| RH Ab | 12.67 ± 3.66 | 15.52 ± 4.72 | 0.004* | 15.51 ± 3.73 | 16.94 ± 2.54 | 0.112 | 12.04 ± 2.65 | 13.09 ± 2.77 | 0.088 |
| LH Ab | 12.57 ± 3.20 | 14.90 ± 4.21 | 0.007* | 12.26 ± 2.07 | 16.00 ± 2.87 | 0.000* | 12.31 ± 3.08 | 12.01 ± 2.54 | 0.623 |
| RH Ad | 10.23 ± 2.86 | 13.06 ± 4.20 | 0.002* | 11.07 ± 2.09 | 12.92 ± 2.99 | 0.033* | 9.38 ± 3.02 | 9.61 ± 3.21 | 0.638 |
| LH Ad | 9.67 ± 2.63 | 12.58 ± 3.59 | 0.000* | 11.88 ± 2.91 | 13.53 ± 2.68 | 0.054 | 9.74 ± 3.12 | 10.20 ± 2.36 | 0.308 |
| RK F | 11.20 ± 2.83 | 13.86 ± 3.87 | 0.000* | 13.13 ± 2.84 | 14.52 ± 2.70 | 0.096 | 10.09 ± 3.31 | 10.61 ± 2.73 | 0.367 |
| LK F | 10.64 ± 2.92 | 13.53 ± 4.59 | 0.001* | 12.81 ± 2.69 | 14.15 ± 2.94 | 0.090 | 10.16 ± 3.99 | 10.73 ± 2.85 | 0.435 |
| RK E | 15.93 ± 4.89 | 20.47 ± 5.81 | 0.000* | 18.06 ± 3.92 | 19.06 ± 4.40 | 0.220 | 15.15 ± 6.48 | 15.24 ± 4.77 | 0.936 |
| LK E | 15.58 ± 5.46 | 18.19 ± 6.11 | 0.007* | 16.91 ± 3.08 | 18.21 ± 3.66 | 0.154 | 13.95 ± 5.06 | 14.20 ± 3.82 | 0.793 |
| RA Df | 11.10 ± 2.85 | 13.88 ± 3.43 | 0.001* | 11.87 ± 3.01 | 14.00 ± 2.80 | 0.010* | 10.57 ± 2.80 | 11.81 ± 2.69 | 0.140 |
| LA Df | 11.32 ± 2.65 | 14.26 ± 3.40 | 0.000* | 12.01 ± 2.81 | 14.47 ± 3.18 | 0.003* | 10.85 ± 2.43 | 11.52 ± 2.78 | 0.263 |
| RA Pf | 15.41 ± 3.71 | 20.46 ± 6.74 | 0.000* | 17.12 ± 2.46 | 19.09 ± 3.66 | 0.068 | 16.06 ± 5.10 | 17.09 ± 4.64 | 0.280 |
| LA Pf | 14.88 ± 3.96 | 20.27 ± 6.53 | 0.000* | 16.53 ± 2.90 | 17.44 ± 3.90 | 0.220 | 15.51 ± 4.85 | 15.57 ± 4.61 | 0.936 |
Abbreviations: BBS Berg Balance Scale, TUG Timed up-and-go, FRD Forward reach distance, RH Righ hip, F Flexor, LH Left hip, E Extensor, Ab Abductor, Ad Adductor, RK Right knee, LK Left knee, RA Right ankle, Df Dorsi-flexor, LA Left ankle, Pf Plantar-flexor
*p < 0.05