Table 1.
Differences between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected participants at baseline
| Overall, n = 4816 | HIV-infected, n = 1897 | HIV-uninfected, n = 2919 | P * | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yrs | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 31.0 (24–41) | 33.0 (27–41) | 28.0 (22–42) | < 0.001 |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 2477 [51] | 964 (51) | 1513 [52] | 0.491 |
| Female | 2339 [49] | 933 (49) | 1406 [48] | |
| Marital status, n (%) | ||||
| Never married | 3738 (78) | 1535 (81) | 2203 (76) | < 0.001 |
| Currently married | 810 (17) | 265 (14) | 545 (19) | |
| Divorce/separated/widowed | 239 (5) | 85 (5) | 154 (5) | |
| Education, n (%) | ||||
| Some high school or greater | 4148 (87) | 1614 (86) | 2534 (87) | 0.236 |
| Primary school or less | 638 (13) | 270 (14) | 368 (13) | |
| Mode of transport, n (%) | ||||
| Public transport (bus, taxi) | 2283 [48] | 877 (47) | 1406 [48] | < 0.001 |
| Private transport | 1117 [23] | 524 (28) | 593 (20) | |
| Other | 1387 [29] | 484 (26) | 903 (31) | |
| Distance from clinic, n (%) | ||||
| Less than 5 km | 1177 [25] | 352 (19) | 825 (28) | < 0.001 |
| At least 5 km | 3610 (75) | 1533 (81) | 2077 (72) | |
| Health facility type, n (%) | ||||
| Primary health clinics | 1234 [26] | 404 (21) | 830 (28) | < 0.001 |
| Hospital outpatient departments | 3582 (74) | 1493 (79) | 2089 (72) | |
| Work hours outside home, n (%) | ||||
| None | 2697 [56] | 944 (50) | 1753 [60] | < 0.001 |
| Less than 40 h | 603 (13) | 318 (17) | 285 (10) | |
| 40 h or more | 1516 [32] | 635 (34) | 881 (30) | |
| Prior HIV testing, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 1870 [39] | 464 (25) | 1406 [48] | < 0.001 |
| No | 2917 (61) | 1421 (75) | 1496 [52] | |
| Health care use in prior year, n (%) | ||||
| None | 715 (15) | 256 (14) | 459 (16) | 0.006 |
| 1–2 times | 1499 [31] | 570 (30) | 929 (32) | |
| 3–5 times | 1732 [36] | 684 (36) | 1048 [36] | |
| > 5 times | 841 (18) | 375 (20) | 466 (16) | |
| Visit to traditional healer in prior year, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 1567 [33] | 708 (38) | 859 (30) | < 0.001 |
| No | 3220 (67) | 1177 (62) | 2043 (70) | |
| Social support score | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 75 (54–87) | 67 (50–83) | 75 (60–90) | < 0.001 |
| Mental health score | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 64 (56–80) | 64 (56–76) | 68 (56–84) | < 0.001 |
| Reported barriers to healthcare, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 1809 [38] | 830 (44) | 979 (34) | < 0.001 |
| No | 3007 (62) | 1067 [56] | 1940 (66) | |
| Number of barriers for participants reporting barriers | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 3 (2–6) | 4 (2–6) | 3 (1–5) | < 0.001 |
| Number of barrier domains for participants reporting barriers | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 3 (1–4) | 3 (2–4) | 2 (1–4) | < 0.001 |
| Gone without healthcare for basic needs, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 920 (19) | 414 (22) | 506 (17) | < 0.001 |
| No | 3896 (81) | 1483 (78) | 2413 (83) | |
| Gone without basic needs for healthcare, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 724 (15) | 323 (17) | 401 (14) | 0.002 |
| No | 4092 (85) | 1574 (83) | 2518 (86) | |