Fig. 3.

Effects of curcumin on the expression of MSU-induced NF-κB downstream inflammatory cytokines. a mRNA expression of the NF-κB downstream inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, PGE2, and COX-2 in THP-1-derived macrophages treated with curcumin and MSU suspensions (n = 3, mean ± SEM). b Measurement of the secretion of the NF-κB downstream inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE2 in macrophages treated with curcumin and MSU suspensions (n = 3, mean ± SEM). c Representative western blot analysis of COX-2 in MSU-stimulated THP-1-derived macrophages with pretreatment of curcumin. d Densitometry measurements of protein analysis. The data represent mean ± SEM for three experiments. ^#Significantly different from absence both MSU and curcumin. *Significantly different from absence of curcumin, P < 0.05