Table 6.
Univariate and multivariate analyses comparing characteristics of cases and controls with local LC
| UNIVARIATE ANALYSIS | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Cases (localized LC + COPD) | Controls (COPD) | p | |
| Baseline characteristics | |||
| Gender (male), n (%) | 31 (83.7) | 65 (78.3) | 0.330 |
| Age, mean (SD) | 65.5 (12.9) | 64.6 (9.4) | 0.680 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 27.7 (4.3) | 27.3 (4.5) | 0.510 |
| Laboral exposure, n (%) | 15 (40.5) | 25 (30.1) | 0.390 |
| Tobacco history, n (%) | 37 (100) | 82 (98.8) | 0.690 |
| Active smokers, n (%) | 20 (54.1) | 45 (54.2) | 0.340 |
| Pack-years, mean (SD) | 45.9 (24) | 47.5 (25) | 0.750 |
| GOLD I-II, n (%) | 5 (13.5) | 66 (79.5) | 0.260 |
| GesEPOC A (%) | 35 (94.6) | 80 (96.4) | 0.490 |
| Bodex, mean (SD) | 0.9 (1.50) | 0.8 (1.2) | 0.700 |
| CAT, mean (SD) | 8.5 (3) | 9.7 (7.6) | 0.570 |
| FEV1(%), mean (SD) | 71.6 (21.3) | 71 (20.2) | 0.880 |
| DLCO(%),mean (SD) | 72.6 (22) | 70.4 (22.6) | 0.660 |
| Charlson index, mean (SD) | 1.3 (1.9) | 0,7 (1) | 0.010 |
| Inflammatory markers | |||
| TNF-α (pg/ml), mean (SD) | 11.6 (21) | 9.3 (7.4) | 0.530 |
| IL-6 (pg/ml), mean (SD) | 6.5 (6.1) | 6.2 (12.1) | 0.850 |
| IL-8 (pg/ml), mean (SD) | 22.1 (46.4) | 19.2 (28.8) | 0.740 |
| Leukocytes (per μl), mean (SD) | 8880.9 (4039.1) | 7706.1 (2334) | 0.110 |
| Lymphocytes (per μL),mean (SD) | 2744.9 (3190.1) | 2398.5 (965.7) | 0.370 |
| Neutrophils (per μl), mean (SD) | 5491.1 (2324.7) | 4464.2 (2136.7) | 0.020 |
| NLR, mean (SD) | 2.9 (1.9) | 2.1 (1.5) | 0.030 |
| Platelets (per μl), mean (SD) | 273,594.6 (132,871.4) | 243,402.4 (72,978.9) | 0.270 |
| MPV (fl), mean (SD) | 8.4 (1.3) | 8.9 (1) | 0.040 |
| PLR, mean (SD) | 135 (76.3) | 118.5 (72.1) | 0.260 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dl), mean (SD) | 395.3 (185.2) | 392.5 (166.5) | 0.950 |
| A1AT (mg/dl), mean (SD) | 157.9 (42.6) | 136.8 (29.1) | 0.030 |
| IgE (kU/l), mean (SD) | 176.5 (216.5) | 177.8 (569.3) | 0.990 |
| CRP (mg/l), mean (SD) | 14.7 (20.6) | 6.1 (8.8) | 0.009 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dl), mean (SD) | 180.1 (44.6) | 201.8 (37.1) | 0.010 |
| Bilirrubin (mg/dl), mean (SD) | 0.73 (0.50) | 0.6 (0.2) | 0.060 |
| MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS | |||
| OR | 95%CI | p | |
| A1AT (mg/dl) | 1.02 | 1.00–1.03 | 0.03 |
LC: lung cancer; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BMI: Body mass index; GOLD: Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease; GesEPOC A: non exacerbators, according to the Spanish Guidelines of COPD; CAT: COPD Assessment Test; FEV1: forced expiratory volume in the first second; DLCO: carbon monoxide diffusion capacity; IL: interleukin; NLR: neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio; MPV: mean platelet volume; PLR: platelet/lymphocyte ratio; A1AT: alpha 1-antitripsin; IgE: E immunoglobulin, CRP: C reactive protein