Table 1.
An overview of some pharmacogenetic implementation initiatives and institutes involved
| Project | Goals | References |
|---|---|---|
| ACCOuNT (African American Pharmacogenomic Consortium Network) | Move studies of African American pharmacogenomics from discovery to implementation; guidance for developing genomic prescribing system; developing recommendations that consider ethnic background | [3] |
| CLIPMERGE PGx | Develop best-practice infrastructure for PGx implementation; real-time clinical decision support (CDS); the utility of genomic information in optimizing medication efficacy and safety | [4] |
| eMERGE-PGx (Electronic Medical Records and Genomics) | Integration of clinically validated genotypes to EHR and CDS; measuring outcomes and cost-effectiveness; repository of variants of unknown significance for the expansion of PGx understanding | [5] |
| Go-PGx (Genomic and outcomes database for pharmacogenomics and implementation studies) | Genomics-based precision health strategies to reduce the most common and serious ADRs; incorporate tests into clinical practice; study barriers; economic implications of testing in clinical practice | [6] |
| IGNITE (Implementing GeNomics In practice) | Evaluate the feasibility of incorporating genomic information into clinical care; define, share and disseminate the best practices of implementation; contribute to the evidence base of outcomes of the use of genomic information in clinical practice | [7] |
| INGENIOUS (INdiana GENomics Implementation: an Opportunity for the UnderServed) | Evaluate adverse event incidence and annual healthcare cost, integration of results through the EHR and clinical decision support system | [8] |
| Personalized Medication Program | Incorporate genetics into the medical decision-making process; develop the implementation tools needed to incorporate pharmacogenomics into the clinical workflow; implement clinical decision support system to guide test ordering and PGx recommendations at the point of care | [9] |
| Personalized Medicine Program | Expand and evaluate the clinical implementation of PGx information; identification of the common challenges; educational programs targeted at health science students | [10] |
| PG4KDS | Establish processes for using PGx tests in the EHR to pre-emptively guide prescription; develop interruptive CDS alerts; educational efforts for both patients and clinicians | [11] |
| PGRN (Pharmacogenomics Research Network) translation PGx program | Assessment of the implementation of routine evidence-based PGx testing; templates for reporting results with CDS; educational materials for clinicians; gene–drug pair clinical guidelines | [12] |
| PREDICT (The Pharmacogenomics Resource for Enhanced Decisions in Care and Treatment) | Develop infrastructure and a framework for incorporating PGx results into the EHR and making these available to clinicians at the time of prescription | [13] |
| RIGHT (Right drug, right dose, right time) | Develop best practice protocol for implementing genetic sequence data; point-of-care CDS | [14] |
| SEAPharm (South East Asian Pharmacogenomics Research Network) | Studies of adverse drug effects and developing guidelines adapted for the Asian population | [15] |
| The 1200 Patients Project | Establish a model system for eliminating practical barriers to implementing PGx; Interactive consultation portal for physicians; Clinical relevance of PGx and cost | [16] |
| U-PGx (Ubiquitous Pharmacogenomics) | Implement PGx through a pre-emptive panel strategy; studies of the impact on patient outcomes and cost-effectiveness; exploratory analysis to understand PGx | [17] |