Fig. 1.

EHR data mining and GWAS pipeline. A total of 14,213 distinct anesthesia episodes that had phenylephrine infusions were identified from the EHR data. 4033 patients were included for k-means clustering after applying exclusion criteria such as a short infusion period (< 10 min), concurrent ephedrine and/or phenylephrine bolus injections during the infusion period, blood pressure values that were not consistently obtained by either invasive or non-invasive measurement, a limited number of SBP measurements, implausible infusion rate units, and missing body weight. Linear regression model for phenylephrine infusion rate was selected for association testing under an additive genetic mode followed by a fix effect inverse variance meta-analyses of phase I and phase II datasets. Top associated loci were further tested by comparing resistant versus sensitive or resistant versus pooled sensitive and intermediate groups. SBP, systolic blood pressure