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. 2019 Aug 21;13:852. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00852

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Copyright © 2019 Zhou, Wang, Ying, Wu and Zhong.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of CTN on LPS-induced expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in BV2 microglial cells. (A) BV-2 microglial cells were pretreated with CTN at various concentrations for 1 h and subsequently co-treated with 1 μg/ml LPS for 18 h. Ten micromolars of CTN significantly increased the expression of HO-1 in BV-2 microglial cells. LPS did not significantly increased the expression of HO-1, but augmented the increase induced by 5 or 10 μM CTN. Data were presented as mean ± SEM. All experiments were repeated at least three times. ^∗P < 0.05, ^∗∗P < 0.01, ^∗∗∗P < 0.001. (B) BV-2 microglial cells were pretreated with CTN at various concentrations for 1 h and subsequently co-treated with 1 μg/ml LPS for 1 h. Five micromolars of CTN alone did not influence the expression of Nrf2 in BV-2 microglial cells, but 10 μM CTN significantly increased the expression of Nrf2. LPS did not significantly increase the expression of Nrf2, but augmented the increase induced by 5 or 10 μM CTN. (C) Immunofluorescence staining against Nrf2 showing similar results to those in (B). Green is Nrf2 staining, blue is DAPI counterstain (magnification, 40×, scale bar: 20 μm). All experiments were repeated at least three times. (D) Immunofluorescence staining against HO-1 showing similar results to those in (A). Green is HO-1 staining, blue is DAPI counterstain (magnification, 40×, scale bar: 20 μm). All experiments were repeated at least three times.