Figure 5.

Influenza virus specific T cells in the nasal washes. TIV vaccinated, viral vector vaccinated (cHA-NP + M1, cHA, or NP + M1), and naïve ferrets were challenged IN with 10⁶ PFU of A/Wyoming/03/2003 (H3N2) virus and nasal washes were collected at days 1 and 3 post-challenge. Cells were isolated from these nasal washes and stimulated with peptide arrays spanning the NP + M1 fusion protein. Following stimulation, cells were stained with anti-CD8 and -IFN-γ antibodies and influenza virus-specific IFN-γ⁺CD8⁺ T cells were measured at days 1 (A) and 3 (B) post-challenge. The data are presented as individual replicates and the mean for each group is presented as line. n = 4 ferrets/group. ^**p < 0.01 when naïve controls were compared to individual vaccination groups as determined by one-way analysis of variance, followed by a Bonferroni multiple-comparison test.