Table 5.

Ranges, measures of central tendency, and normality test

Var.	NI	[Min, Max]	M (95% CI)	Mdn	Mo	SD	α	Ordinal α	PA
Age		[18, 63]e	32.603 (31.672,33.534)	32	31	8.593			8.977*
BDI	21	[0, 63]p [0, 55]e	13.952 (12.875, 15.028)	13	14	9.940	.906	.941	41.958***
BAI	21	[0. 63]p [0, 63]e	14.115 (12.775, 15.456)	10	6	12.380	.933	.954	96.156***
PSS	12	[12, 60]p [12, 40]e	19.739 (18.977, 20.502)	18	12	7.039	.853	.919	41.253***
PWS	10	[0, 30]p [3, 30]e	18.094 (17.531, 18.657)	18	19	5.200	.898	.923	6.036ns
SDS	33	[0, 33]p [11, 31]e	21.282 (20.826, 21.738)	21	22	4.208	.722	.820	0.639ns

NI number of items. [Min, Max] = range or interval between minimum and maximum value: p = potential range, e = empirical or observed range. M = arithmetic mean (95% confidence interval). Mdn median, Mo Mode, α = Cronbach’s alpha based on standardized items. Ordinal α = ordinal coefficient alpha. PA = Pearson-Agostino omnibus test for normality and levels of significance for one-tailed test using a chi-square distribution with two degrees of freedom: non-significant (ns) p > .05 * p ≤ .05, ** p ≤ .01, *** p ≤ .001. Variables: Age = years of age, BDI Beck Depression Inventory-II, BAI Beck Anxiety Inventory, PSS Parental Stress Scale, PWS Psychological Well-being Scale, SDS = Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Source: Prepared by the authors