Table 3.
Frequencies of maternal near-miss by type of organ system dysfunction.
| MNM identification criteria | Total per MNM criterion N, % (95% CI) |
MNM by SSA only | MNM by WHO only |
|---|---|---|---|
| Severe maternal complications | 72, 37.3% (30.3–44.3) | ||
| Eclampsia | 26 | 18 | |
| Sepsis or severe systemic infection | 26 | 16 | |
| Uterine rupture | 2 | 1 | |
| Pulmonary oedema | 7 | 2 | |
| Severe abortion complications | 8 | 3 | |
| Severe malaria | 4 | 0 | |
| Severe pre-eclampsia with ICU admission | 4 | 1 | |
| Laparotomy other than caesarean section or ectopic pregnancy | 12 | 5 | |
| Cardiovascular dysfunction | 21, 10.8% (6.8–16.1) | ||
| Shock | 20 | ||
| Cardiac arrest | 0 | ||
| Use of continuous vasoactive drugs | 3 | 0 | |
| CPR | 0 | ||
| pH < 7.1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Lactate >5 mEq/mL | 0 | 0 | |
| Respiratory function | 16, 8.2% (4.8–13.0) | ||
| Acute cyanosis | 0 | ||
| Gasping | 0 | ||
| Respiratory rate >40 or <6/min | 5 | ||
| Intubation and ventilation for ≥60 minutes not related to anaesthesia | 11 | ||
| Oxygen saturation <90% for ≥60 minutes | 4 | ||
| Renal dysfunction | 4, 2.1% (0.6–5.2) | ||
| Oliguria non-responsive to fluids or diuretics | 4 | ||
| Creatinine ≥300 µmol/l or ≥3.5 dL/dL | 1 | ||
| Dialysis for acute renal failure | 1 | 0 | |
| Coagulation/hematologic dysfunction | 147, 75.8% (69.1–81.6) | ||
| Failure to form clots | 6 | ||
| Transfusion of ≥ 2 units of red blood cells | 140 | 103 | |
| Acute thrombocytopenia (<50,000 platelets/ml) | 12 | ||
| Hepatic dysfunction | 13, 6.7% (3.6–11.2) | ||
| Jaundice in the presence of pre-eclampsia | 0 | ||
| Bilirubin >100 mmol/l or >6.0dL/dL | 13 | 9 | |
| Neurological dysfunction | 8, 4.1% (1.8–8.0) | ||
| Loss of consciousness lasting 12 hours (GCS < 10) | 6 | ||
| Stroke | 0 | ||
| Loss of consciousness and ketoacids in urine | 0 | ||
| Uncontrollable fit | 1 | ||
| New onset of paralysis | 1 | ||
| Uterine dysfunction | 6, 3.1% (1.1–6.6) | ||
| Hysterectomy following infection or haemorrhage | 6 | ||
| Total | 194 | 133 | 10 |
In italics unique SSA criteria and underlined unique WHO criteria. A woman could fulfil more than one MNM criterion. At the top of each section the total number of women with each organ dysfunction, followed by the proportion, calculated by the total divided by 194 MNM women and presented as percentage. The second and third column presents the number of women that only fulfilled criteria of either the WHO or SSA set and would have been missed if the other set was applied. MNM, Maternal near miss; CI, Confidence interval; SSA, sub-Saharan Africa; WHO, World Health organization, ICU, intensive care unit; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; GCS, Glasgow coma scale.