Table 2. Summary of studies reporting utilisation of health care (N = 40), by countries and year.
| Study | Year | Country/Area | Type/name of insurance* | Effect | QUEENS** | GRADE† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Robyn et al[13] | 2012 | Burkina Faso, Nouna district | CBHI | 0 | 3 | Moderate |
| Robyn et al[38] | 2012 | Burkina Faso, Nouna district | CBHI | + | 1 | Low |
| Levine, Polimeni, and Ramage[39] |
2016 | Cambodia | CBHI | + | 3 | Moderate |
| Babiarz et al[40] | 2010 | China | NCMS (Voluntary) | 0 | 2 | Low |
| Lu, Liu, and Shen[41] | 2012 | China | NCMS (Voluntary) | + | 2 | Low |
| Chen et al[42] | 2014 | China | URBMI (Voluntary) | + | 2 | Low |
| Hou et al[43] | 2014 | China | NCMS (Voluntary) | + | 2 | Low |
| Liu and Zhao[44] | 2014 | China | URBMI (Voluntary) | + | 2 | Low |
| Cheng et al[45] | 2015 | China | NCMS (Voluntary) | + | 2 | Low |
| Liao, Gilmour, and Shibuya[46] |
2016 | China | All public insurance | + | 1 | Low |
| Trujillo et al[47] | 2010 | Colombia | Voluntary and subsidised scheme | + | 2 | Low |
| Hassan et al[48] | 2013 | Colombia | Subsidised scheme | + | 1 | Low |
| Miller et al[49] | 2013 | Colombia | Subsidised scheme | + | 3 | Low |
| Hou and Chao[50] | 2011 | Georgia | MIP (Subsidised scheme) | + | 3 | Low |
| Zoidze et al[51] | 2013 | Georgia | MIP (Subsidised scheme) | 0 | 1 | Low |
| Gotsadze et al[52] | 2015 | Georgia | MIP (Subsidised scheme) | 0 | 1 | Low |
| Blanchet et al[53] | 2012 | Ghana | NHIS (Voluntary scheme) | + | 1 | Low |
| Yilma et al[54] | 2012 | Ghana | NHIS (Voluntary scheme) | + | 3 | Low |
| Abrokwah et al[55] | 2014 | Ghana | NHIS (Voluntary scheme) | + | 1 | Low |
| Brugiavini and Pace[56] | 2015 | Ghana | NHIS (Voluntary scheme) | + | 2 | Low |
| Fenny et al[57] | 2015 | Ghana | NHIS (Voluntary scheme) | + | 1 | Low |
| Sheth[37] | 2014 | India (Maharashtra) | CBHI | - | 3 | Low |
| Sood et al[58] | 2014 | India (Karnataka) | Subsidised scheme | 0 | 2 | Low |
| Raza et al[36] | 2016 | India (Uttar Pradesh and Bihar) | CBHI | 0 | 3 | Moderate |
| Sparrow et al[59] | 2013 | Indonesia | JKN (Voluntary and subsidised) | + | 2 | Low |
| Alkenrack and Lindelow[60] | 2015 | Lao PDR | CBHI | + | 2 | Low |
| Rivera-Hernandez et al[61] | 2016 | Mexico | Seguro Popular (Voluntary scheme) | 0 | 2 | Low |
| Bernal et al[62] | 2014 | Peru | SIS (Subsidised scheme) | + | 3 | Low |
| Dhillon et al[63] | 2012 | Rwanda (Mayange, Mwogo and Mareba) | CBHI | + | 1 | Low |
| Lu et al[64] | 2012 | Rwanda (all rural area) | CBHI | + | 2 | Low |
| Panpiemras et al[65] | 2011 | Thailand | UCS (subsidised scheme) | + | 1 | Low |
| Ghislandi, Manachotphong, and Perego[66] |
2015 | Thailand | UCS (subsidised scheme) | + | 2 | Low |
| Limwattananon et al[67] | 2015 | Thailand | UCS (subsidised scheme) | + | 2 | Low |
| Makhloufi et al[68] | 2015 | Tunisia | MHI (Contributory) and MAS (Subsidised) | + | 1 | Low |
| Nguyen[69] | 2012 | Vietnam | All public insurance | + | 3 | Low |
| Nguyen and Wang[70] | 2013 | Vietnam | Subsidised scheme for children | + | 2 | Low |
| Guindon[71] | 2014 | Vietnam | Subsidised scheme | + | 2 | Low |
| Nguyen[72] | 2014 | Vietnam | Contributory (compulsory and voluntary) scheme | + | 1 | Low |
| Palmer et al[73] | 2015 | Vietnam | Subsidised scheme for children | + | 3 | Low |
| Nguyen[74] | 2016 | Vietnam | Voluntary and subsidised scheme (children) | + | 2 | Low |
* SHI = Social Health Insurance; CBHI = Community-based Health Insurance
** Queens score: 1 = high risk of bias; 2 = moderate risk; 3 = low risk
† Grade score: Low = low quality; Moderate = moderate quality; High = high quality