Table 4.
Odds ratios (95% CI) from adjusted logistic regression and adjusted two-level model for predicting adherence to the NICE-recommended pathway within 6 months of initial HF symptoma
| Variable | Adjusted logistic regression | Adjusted two-level logistic regression | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||
| OR (95% CI) | P-value | OR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male versus female | 1.12 (0.97 to 1.28) | 0.118 | 1.10 (0.96 to 1.27) | 0.166 |
| Age group, years | 0.003 | 0.001 | ||
| <45 versus ≥85 | 1.86 (1.09 to 3.20) | 0.024 | 1.97 (1.13 to 3.42) | 0.016 |
| 45–64 versus ≥85 | 1.47 (1.15 to 1.88) | 0.002 | 1.50 (1.17 to 1.93) | 0.002 |
| 65–74 versus ≥85 | 1.41 (1.14 to 1.75) | 0.002 | 1.48 (1.19 to 1.84) | 0.001 |
| 75–84 versus ≥85 | 1.18 (0.96 to 1.44) | 0.107 | 1.20 (0.98 to 1.47) | 0.081 |
|
| ||||
| IMD quintile | 0.001 | 0.007 | ||
| 1 (least) versus 5 (most) | 1.60 (1.26 to 2.03) | <0.001 | 1.58 (1.22 to 2.05) | 0.001 |
| 2 versus 5 | 1.52 (1.21 to 1.92) | <0.001 | 1.49 (1.16 to 1.91) | 0.002 |
| 3 versus 5 | 1.34 (1.06 to 1.70) | 0.015 | 1.34 (1.04 to 1.73) | 0.024 |
| 4 versus 5 | 1.26 (0.99 to 1.61) | 0.063 | 1.23 (0.95 to 1.60) | 0.117 |
|
| ||||
| Diagnosis source | ||||
| Primary care versus hospital | 2.75 (2.40 to 3.15) | <0.001 | 2.82 (2.45 to 3.25) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Number of comorbidities per 1 unit increase | ||||
| 1.07 (1.02 to 1.13) | 0.007 | 1.08 (1.02 to 1.13) | 0.005 | |
|
| ||||
| History of AMI | ||||
| Yes versus no | 0.90 (0.65 to 1.25) | 0.538 | 0.91 (0.66 to 1.27) | 0.585 |
|
| ||||
| History of chronic pulmonary disease | ||||
| Yes versus no | 0.37 (0.31 to 0.46) | <0.001 | 0.36 (0.30 to 0.45) | <0.001 |
|
| ||||
| Symptom type | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Breathlessness only versus fatigue only | 2.95 (2.31 to 3.76) | <0.001 | 3.07 (2.40 to 3.93) | <0.001 |
| Ankle swelling only versus fatigue only | 1.31 (0.95 to 1.79) | 0.094 | 1.30 (0.95 to 1.79) | 0.106 |
| ≥2 symptoms versus fatigue only | 2.08 (1.12 to 3.86) | 0.020 | 2.47 (1.28 to 4.73) | 0.007 |
|
| ||||
| Consultation for symptom | ||||
| Yes versus no | 1.88 (1.64 to 2.16) | <0.001 | 1.93 (1.67 to 2.22) | <0.001 |
a
The variance at patient level is constrained to a binomial distribution with an assumed variance of pi^2/3 = 3.29. The random effects variance of the practice-level intercept was 0.311 (SD 0.06) for the empty model and 0.323 (SD 0.06) for model 1. The model fit (−2LL) was 6985.02 for the empty model and 6362.98 for model 1. Level of significance at P<0.05. AMI = acute myocardial infarction. CI = confidence interval. IMD = Index of Multiple Deprivation. OR = odds ratio. SD = standard deviation.