Table 3.
Questionnaires Used in the Study, with Example Items
| Questionnaire | # of items |
# of response options |
Example items |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anxiety Symptoms | |||
| State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)a | 10 | 4 | I am jittery, I worry over possible misfortunes |
| Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) | 21 | 4 | Heart pounding or racing, Unable to relax |
| Mood and Anxiety Symptoms Questionnaire (MASQ) | 20 | 5 | Felt nauseous, Hands were shaky |
| Depression Symptoms | |||
| Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) | 21 | 4 | Sadness, Worthlessness |
| Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression (CES-D) | 20 | 4 | I woke up frequently during the night |
| Worry | |||
| Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) | 16 | 5 | My worries overwhelm me, I’ve been a worrier all my life |
| Student Worry Questionnaire (SWQ) | 10 | 4 | I worry about job prospects |
| Worry Domains Questionnaire (WDQ) | 10 | 5 | I worry that I’ll never achieve my ambitions |
| Rumination | |||
| Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS)b | 22 | 4 | Write down what you are thinking and analyze it |
| Rumination Responses Questionnaire (RRQ) | 12 | 5 | I often find myself reevaluating something I’ve done |
| Scott-McIntosh Rumination Scale (SMR) | 3 | 7 | I become angry when I think about goals that I have not yet reached |
Note:
a
The STAI was also used as an indicator of worry.
b
The RRS was also used as an indicator of depression symptoms.