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. 2019 Aug 28;9:12447. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-48328-5

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Quinones in the Murchison meteorite. Three individual traces are superimposed that represent single ion searches for the masses (molecular ions) of indicated quinones: m/z 208, anthraquinone (9,10-anthracenedione) and phenanthrenequinone (9,10-phenanthrenedione); m/z 222 (2-methylanthraquinone and isomer); m/z 236 (dimethyl anthraquinone isomers). Compounds in parentheses are tentative: the remaining compounds are definite identifications having GC retention times (x-axis) that match those of authentic standards. The mass spectra of phenanthrenequinone and 1-methylanthraquinone are exact matches of the mass spectra of the corresponding compound in the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) mass spectral database, and the mass spectra of the alkyl anthraquinones are similar to those analyzed laboratory standards of dimethyl or ethyl (i.e., C₂H₅) anthraquinone derivatives.