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. 2019 Aug 28;9:12453. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47946-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Expression of chondrogenic markers of chondrocytes in cartilage, monolayer culture, collagen microspheres and pellet at different time points. SOX9 expression in chondrocytes of OA cartilage specimen (A), monolayer cultured chondrocytes (B), chondrocytes collagen microspheres (C–E) and pellet (F–H). Green: SOX9; Blue: DAPI. Scale bar: 10 μm. The colocalization of Sox9 and DAPI was revealed as Manders’s Colocalization Coefficient (MCC). The coefficient is calculated as the fraction of Sox9 in compartment containing DAPI (I) and the fraction of DAPI in compartment containing Sox9 (J). Each reading is the mean from three independent experiments, each with 5 images. Collagen II expression of chondrocytes in OA cartilage specimen (K), monolayer culture chondrocytes (L), chondrocytes collagen microspheres (M–O) and pellet (P–R). Green: Collagen II; Blue: DAPI; Scale bar: 10 μm.