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. 2019 Aug 28;9:12453. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47946-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Bar charts showing the gene expression of SOX9, RUNX2 and MMP13 by collagen encapsulated chondrocytes cultured under different conditions. The effect of collagen microencapsulation with ITS or FBS culture medium on the gene expression of SOX9 (A–D), RUNX2 (E–H) and MMP13 (I–L) in Patients #2, 3, 4 and 5’s chondrocytes was evaluated over a 3-week culture period. The effect of hypoxia and TGF-β on the gene expression of SOX9 (M), RUNX2 (N) and MMP13 (O) in Patient # 2 chondrocytes was evaluated over a 3-week culture period. All error bar: +/− 1 SD. Fold changes reading are presented as means from technical triplicates.