Table 1. Baseline characteristics of patients undergoing new implantation of cardiac implantable electronic device.
| Variables | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | p for trends | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pacemaker | |||||||||||
| Number | 1,977 | 2,122 | 2,318 | 2,674 | 2,894 | 3,292 | 3,435 | 3,910 | <0.001 | ||
| Age | 68.4±12.3 | 68.9±12.0 | 69.7±12.2 | 70.5±12.1 | 71.0±11.7 | 71.3±11.5 | 72.1±11.5 | 72.0±11.8 | <0.001 | ||
| Male | 785 (39.7) | 870 (41.0) | 975 (42.1) | 1,127 (42.1) | 1,211 (41.8) | 1,398 (42.5) | 1,435 (41.8) | 1,680 (43.0) | 0.016 | ||
| Comorbidity | |||||||||||
| Hypertension | 1,397 (70.7) | 1,600 (75.4) | 1,702 (73.4) | 1,995 (74.6) | 2,228 (77.0) | 2,513 (76.3) | 2,685 (78.2) | 3,042 (77.8) | 0.005 | ||
| Diabetes | 720 (36.4) | 873 (41.1) | 959 (41.1) | 1,134 (42.4) | 1,257 (43.4) | 1,482 (45.0) | 1,613 (47.0) | 1,867 (47.7) | <0.001 | ||
| Heart failure | 353 (17.9) | 391 (18.4) | 412 (17.8) | 494 (18.5) | 612 (21.1) | 734 (22.3) | 832 (24.2) | 1,070 (27.4) | <0.001 | ||
| Ischemic stroke/TIA | 319 (16.1) | 378 (17.8) | 423 (18.2) | 441 (16.5) | 448 (16.5) | 561 (17.0) | 612 (17.8) | 665 (17.0) | <0.001 | ||
| ICH | 20 (1.0) | 33 (1.6) | 57 (2.5) | 36 (1.3) | 43 (1.5) | 48 (1.5) | 59 (1.7) | 75 (1.9) | 0.484 | ||
| CAD | 826 (41.8) | 877 (41.3) | 956 (41.2) | 1,121 (41.9) | 1,196 (41.3) | 1,363 (41.4) | 1,435 (41.8) | 1,597 (40.8) | 0.375 | ||
| MI | 107 (5.4) | 105 (4.9) | 119 (5.1) | 131 (4.9) | 138 (4.8) | 142 (4.3) | 149 (4.3) | 169 (4.3) | <0.001 | ||
| AF | 395 (20.0) | 454 (21.4) | 505 (21.8) | 584 (21.8) | 751 (26.0) | 824 (25.0) | 881 (25.6) | 1,030 (26.3) | <0.001 | ||
| Indication | |||||||||||
| SSS | 723 (36.6) | 736 (34.7) | 822 (35.5) | 983 (36.8) | 1,098 (37.9) | 1,291 (39.2) | 1,303 (37.9) | 1,468 (37.5) | 0.049 | ||
| AVB | 1,090 (55.1) | 1,211 (57.1) | 1,342 (57.9) | 1,510 (56.5) | 1,585 (54.8) | 1,802 (54.7) | 1,910 (55.6) | 2,149 (55.0) | 0.134 | ||
| AF with SVR | 75 (3.8) | 90 (4.2) | 74 (3.2) | 106 (4.0) | 115 (4.0) | 117 (3.6) | 137 (4.0) | 180 (4.6) | 0.356 | ||
| Other | 89 (4.5) | 85 (4.0) | 80 (3.5) | 75 (2.8) | 96 (3.3) | 82 (2.5) | 85 (2.5) | 113 (2.9) | 0.007 | ||
| ICD | |||||||||||
| Number | 230 | 266 | 340 | 459 | 553 | 651 | 798 | 822 | <0.001 | ||
| Age | 53.1±15.1 | 55.0±15.1 | 55.1±14.6 | 55.8±15.2 | 54.3±15.3 | 55.6±14.7 | 56.9±15.0 | 57.7±15.0 | 0.009 | ||
| Male | 178 (77.4) | 197 (74.1) | 248 (72.9) | 355 (77.3) | 424 (76.7) | 487 (74.8) | 616 (77.2) | 607 (73.8) | 0.873 | ||
| Comorbidity | |||||||||||
| Hypertension | 83 (36.1) | 145 (54.5) | 175 (51.5) | 270 (58.8) | 355 (64.2) | 428 (65.7) | 549 (68.8) | 566 (68.9) | 0.001 | ||
| Diabetes | 42 (18.3) | 75 (28.2) | 118 (34.7) | 170 (37.0) | 203 (36.7) | 269 (41.3) | 341 (42.7) | 339 (41.2) | 0.002 | ||
| Heart failure | 30 (13.0) | 70 (26.3) | 111 (32.6) | 159 (34.6) | 206 (37.3) | 274 (42.1) | 371 (46.5) | 405 (49.3) | <0.001 | ||
| Ischemic stroke/TIA | 16 (7.0) | 27 (10.2) | 35 (10.3) | 50 (10.9) | 60 (10.8) | 63 (9.7) | 86 (10.8) | 80 (9.7) | 0.242 | ||
| ICH | 4 (1.7) | 3 (1.1) | 5 (1.5) | 10 (2.2) | 8 (1.4) | 5 (0.8) | 9 (1.1) | 12 (1.5) | 0.429 | ||
| CAD | 61 (26.5) | 120 (45.1) | 156 (45.9) | 232 (50.5) | 268 (48.5) | 333 (51.2) | 413 (51.8) | 453 (55.1) | 0.013 | ||
| MI | 25 (10.9) | 36 (13.5) | 59 (17.4) | 74 (16.1) | 74 (13.4) | 87 (13.4) | 115 (14.4) | 115 (14.0) | 0.683 | ||
| AF | 23 (10.0) | 42 (15.8) | 72 (21.2) | 83 (18.1) | 120 (21.7) | 147 (22.6) | 212 (26.6) | 214 (26.0) | 0.001 | ||
| Indication | |||||||||||
| Primary prevention | 43 (18.7) | 59 (22.2) | 71 (20.9) | 107 (23.3) | 123 (22.2) | 185 (28.4) | 270 (33.8) | 244 (29.7) | <0.001 | ||
| Secondary prevention | 187 (81.3) | 207 (77.8) | 269 (79.1) | 352 (76.7) | 430 (77.8) | 466 (71.6) | 528 (66.2) | 578 (70.3) | <0.001 | ||
| CRT | |||||||||||
| Number | 44 | 81 | 88 | 104 | 126 | 155 | 215 | 217 | 0.032 | ||
| Age | 64.1±9.8 | 64.1±12.4 | 66.1±11.1 | 64.3±10.4 | 66.1±10.0 | 68.6±10.9 | 66.5±12.1 | 66.9±11.1 | 0.032 | ||
| Male | 23 (52.3) | 41 (50.6) | 46 (52.3) | 58 (55.8) | 72 (57.1) | 88 (56.8) | 113 (52.6) | 124 (57.1) | 0.084 | ||
| Comorbidity | |||||||||||
| Hypertension | 22 (50.0) | 46 (56.8) | 63 (71.6) | 83 (79.8) | 116 (92.1) | 149 (96.1) | 201 (93.5) | 210 (96.8) | <0.001 | ||
| Diabetes | 14 (31.8) | 26 (32.1) | 42 (47.7) | 54 (51.9) | 65 (51.6) | 105 (67.7) | 126 (58.6) | 143 (65.9) | 0.001 | ||
| CAD | 17 (38.6) | 35 (43.2) | 52 (59.1) | 72 (69.2) | 79 (62.7) | 119 (76.8) | 149 (69.3) | 166 (76.5) | 0.002 | ||
| MI | 7 (15.9) | 9 (11.1) | 8 (9.1) | 15 (14.4) | 12 (9.5) | 17 (11.0) | 21 (9.8) | 26 (12.0) | 0.324 | ||
| AF | 10 (22.7) | 9 (11.1) | 16 (18.2) | 17 (16.3) | 23 (18.3) | 28 (18.1) | 45 (20.9) | 52 (24.0) | 0.278 | ||
| DCMP | 31 (70.5) | 59 (72.8) | 58 (65.9) | 78 (75.0) | 93 (73.8) | 104 (67.1) | 154 (71.6) | 150 (69.1) | 0.781 | ||
| Ischemic stroke/TIA | 1 (2.3) | 8 (9.9) | 7 (8.0) | 11 (10.6) | 14 (11.1) | 12 (7.7) | 27 (12.6) | 22 (10.1) | 0.002 | ||
| ICH | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.1) | 2 (1.9) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.9) | 0.258 | ||
| CRT-D | 32 (72.7) | 62 (76.5) | 75 (85.2) | 101 (97.1) | 120 (95.2) | 149 (96.1) | 206 (95.8) | 202 (93.1) | <0.001 | ||
Values are expressed as mean±standard deviation or number (%). AF = atrial fibrillation; AVB = atrioventricular block; CAD = coronary artery disease; CRT = cardiac resynchronization therapy; CRT-D = CRT-defibrillator; DCMP = dilated cardiomyopathy; ICD = implantable cardioverter defibrillator; ICH = intracranial hemorrhage; MI = myocardial infarction; SSS = sick sinus syndrome; SVR = slow ventricular response; TIA = transient ischemic attack.