A and B, The lowest quartile served as the reference for all models. The base model is adjusted for age and race/ethnicity; the football exposure model is further adjusted for body mass index (BMI) (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) while playing professional football, position, and use of performance-enhancing drugs; and the fully adjusted model is further adjusted for current BMI, heart condition, diabetes, high cholesterol levels, hypertension, sleep apnea, use of prescription pain medication, alcohol drinks per week, and a history of testicular or prostate cancer. Linear tests of trend were significant (Pā<ā.01).