Table 2. Prevalence of History of Low Testosterone Levels and Erectile Dysfunction Indicators by Demographic, Football, and Current Health Factors for 3409 Participants.
| Characteristic | No. | Prevalence of History of Prescription Recommendation by Self-report, No. (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Low Testosterone Levels | Erectile Dysfunction | ||
| All | 611 (18.3) | 755 (22.7) | |
| Demographic Factors | |||
| Age, y | |||
| 21-40 | 868 | 70 (8.2) | 46 (5.4) |
| 41-60 | 1463 | 301 (20.9) | 307 (21.4) |
| >60 | 1078 | 240 (23.1) | 402 (38.6) |
| Race | |||
| Black | 1274 | 210 (16.8) | 280 (22.5) |
| White | 2002 | 373 (19.1) | 454 (23.2) |
| Other | 95 | 23 (24.2) | 14 (15.2) |
| Missing | 38 | 5 (13.5) | 7 (18.9) |
| Football Exposures | |||
| BMI while playing professional footballa | |||
| <25.0 | 187 | 33 (17.7) | 36 (19.9) |
| 25.0-30.0 | 1532 | 243 (16.3) | 353 (23.6) |
| >30.0 | 1689 | 334 (20.2) | 365 (22.0) |
| Professional use of PED | |||
| No | 2859 | 471 (16.8) | 608 (21.8) |
| Yes | 550 | 140 (26.1) | 147 (27.3) |
| Current Health-Related Factors | |||
| Hypertension | |||
| No | 2083 | 287 (13.9) | 297 (14.5) |
| Yes | 1283 | 318 (25.5) | 450 (35.9) |
| High cholesterol levels | |||
| No | 2165 | 292 (13.7) | 352 (16.5) |
| Yes | 1173 | 309 (27.0) | 387 (33.6) |
| Diabetes | |||
| No | 3021 | 504 (16.9) | 596 (20.0) |
| Yes | 300 | 95 (32.5) | 136 (46.7) |
| Heart conditionb | |||
| No | 2772 | 437 (16.0) | 522 (19.2) |
| Yes | 637 | 174 (28.5) | 233 (37.8) |
| Prescription pain medication | |||
| No | 2439 | 328 (13.7) | 415 (17.4) |
| Yes | 970 | 283 (29.9) | 340 (35.7) |
| Prostate or testicular cancer | |||
| No | 3277 | 576 (18) | 686 (21.4) |
| Yes | 132 | 35 (27.1) | 69 (54.3) |
| Sleep apnea | |||
| No | 2582 | 367 (14.5) | 478 (18.8) |
| Yes | 760 | 236 (31.9) | 264 (35.7) |
| Current BMIa | |||
| <25.0 | 178 | 16 (9.1) | 32 (18.4) |
| 25.0-30.0 | 1430 | 211 (15.1) | 276 (19.8) |
| >30.0 | 1781 | 383 (22.0) | 442 (25.4) |
| Mood indicatorsc | |||
| No depression or anxiety | 2562 | 357 (14.3) | 479 (19.1) |
| Anxiety only | 236 | 44 (19.0) | 49 (21.2) |
| Depression only | 139 | 36 (26.5) | 43 (31.9) |
| Depression and anxiety | 469 | 174 (37.8) | 184 (40) |
| Alcohol drinks per wk | |||
| None | 1062 | 213 (20.5) | 240 (23.1) |
| 1-7 | 1266 | 210 (17.0) | 266 (21.5) |
| 8-14 | 586 | 97 (17.0) | 128 (22.1) |
| ≥15 | 456 | 85 (19.0) | 111 (24.8) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; PED, performance-enhancing drugs.
a
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
b
Heart condition includes self-reported heart rhythm issues, myocardial infarction, heart failure, or cardiac surgery.
c
Derived from Patient Health Questionnaire 4.