Table 2. Variation in Selected Metabolome Measures Accounted for by the Covariates and Physical Fitness.
| Metabolome Measure | % | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 R2a | Model 2 R2b,c | Model 2−Model 1 R2 Difference (95% CI)d | Model 3 R2c,e | Model 3−Model 1 R2 Difference (95% CI) | |
| Lipoprotein particle concentration | |||||
| Large VLDL | 5.86 | 12.13 (−) | 6.28 (3.27-11.02) | 5.91 (+) | 0.06 (0-0.69) |
| Medium VLDL | 8.36 | 17.14 (−) | 8.78 (5.08-13.40) | 8.83 (+) | 0.47 (0-2.16) |
| Small VLDL | 13.27 | 22.27 (−) | 9.00 (5.47-13.46) | 14.01 (+) | 0.74 (0.01-2.51) |
| Very small VLDL | 18.24 | 24.37 (−) | 6.13 (3.49-9.54) | 19.13 (+) | 0.89 (0.02-2.62) |
| Very large HDL | 5.53 | 13.97 (+) | 8.43 (5.19-13.11) | 5.76 (−) | 0.23 (0-1.47) |
| Large HDL | 8.21 | 23.18 (+) | 14.97 (10.65-20.85) | 8.93 (−) | 0.72 (0.02-2.78) |
| Lipoprotein particle size | |||||
| VLDL diameter | 4.68 | 10.94 (−) | 6.27 (3.11-10.48) | 4.81 (+) | 0.13 (0-1.28) |
| HDL diameter | 8.90 | 23.35 (+) | 14.45 (10.21-20.00) | 9.40 (−) | 0.50 (0-2.22) |
| APOs | |||||
| APOB | 14.65 | 22.91 (−) | 8.26 (5.10-12.38) | 15.55 (+) | 0.90 (0.03-2.95) |
| APOB:APOA1 ratio | 15.20 | 29.69 (−) | 14.49 (10.58-19.51) | 16.47 (+) | 1.27 (0.12-3.75) |
| TGs | |||||
| Total TG | 10.34 | 20.07 (−) | 9.73 (5.95-14.55) | 10.86 (+) | 0.52 (0-2.31) |
| VLDL TG | 8.60 | 18.17 (−) | 9.57 (5.82-14.22) | 9.02 (+) | 0.42 (0-2.09) |
| IDL TG | 15.38 | 21.60 (−) | 6.22 (3.21-10.17) | 15.72 (+) | 0.34 (0-1.65) |
| Cholesterol | |||||
| VLDL | 13.60 | 21.30 (−) | 7.70 (4.49-11.85) | 14.40 (+) | 0.80 (0.01-2.77) |
| HDL | 5.72 | 17.19 (+) | 11.47 (7.81-16.90) | 6.61 (−) | 0.89 (0.04-3.20) |
| HDL subfraction 2 | 7.07 | 19.34 (+) | 12.27 (8.34-17.80) | 7.96 (−) | 0.89 (0.06-3.12) |
| FAs | |||||
| Unsaturation degree | 9.05 | 17.27 (+) | 8.22 (4.64-13.07) | 9.17 (+) | 0.13 (0-1.26) |
| ω-6 FA ratio | 8.15 | 16.64 (+) | 8.49 (4.78-13.83) | 8.66 (−) | 0.51 (0-2.38) |
| Saturated FA | 13.78 | 18.79 (−) | 5.01 (2.32-8.82) | 14.14 (+) | 0.36 (0-1.65) |
| Monounsaturated FA | 13.56 | 19.97 (−) | 6.41 (3.38-10.55) | 13.78 (+) | 0.22 (0-1.34) |
| Metabolic substrates, amino acids, and other | |||||
| Glycerol | 4.03 | 20.19 (−) | 16.17 (10.81-22.79) | 4.52 (−) | 0.50 (0-2.17) |
| Isoleucine (BCAA) | 0.90 | 7.85 (−) | 6.95 (3.77-11.22) | 1.42 (+) | 0.52 (0-2.53) |
| Leucine (BCAA) | 2.04 | 8.91 (−) | 6.88 (3.58-10.79) | 2.82 (+) | 0.78 (0.01-3.25) |
| Phenylalanine | 4.06 | 10.52 (−) | 6.46 (3.10-11.21) | 6.08 (+) | 2.02 (0.36-4.91) |
| Glycoproteins | 6.21 | 22.11 (−) | 15.90 (11.22-21.51) | 6.38 (+) | 0.17 (0-1.54) |
Abbreviations: APO, apolipoprotein; BCAA, branched-chain amino acid; FA, fatty acid; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IDL, intermediate-density lipoprotein; TG, triglyceride; VLDL, very low-density lipoprotein.
Model 1 R2 from linear regression analysis shows how much age, education, smoking, use of alcohol, and dietary factors (consumption of vegetables, fruits, fish, chicken, and meat) account for the variation in each of the metabolome measures.
Model 2 R2 shows how much age, education, smoking, use of alcohol, dietary factors (consumption of vegetables, fruits, fish, chicken, and meat), and aerobic fitness account for the variation in each of the metabolome measures.
+ and – indicate the direction of the association of the fitness variable with each metabolome measure.
Statistically significant additional R2 value with P ≤ .002.
Model 3 R2 shows how much age, education, smoking, use of alcohol, dietary factors (consumption of vegetables, fruits, fish, chicken, and meat), and muscular strength account for the variation in each of the metabolome measures.