Figure 3.

The expression of HO‐1 after ICH. In the early stage after ICH, HO‐1 is mainly expressed in microglia, and the activation of microglia leads to the development of M1‐like or M2‐like phenotypes. The former contributes to neurological impairments, while the latter is neuroprotective. Furthermore, the two subtypes of microglia are in dynamic flux after ICH. In the late stages of ICH, the overexpression of HO‐1 in astrocytes is neuroprotective and reduces blood‐brain barrier disruption, perihaematomal cell injury and mortality following ICH. M1 microglia, M1‐like phenotype of microglia; M2 microglia, M2‐like phenotype of microglia