Table 1.
Characteristics of patients
| Characteristics | Probiotic yoghurt group (n = 42) | Conventional yoghurt group (n = 42) | p value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 31.64 ± 5.97 | 31.61 ± 5.49 | 0.98 |
| History of GDM (n (%)) | 0 | 4(9.5) | 0.11 |
| Smoking (n (%)) | 0 | 4(9.5) | 0.11 |
| Weight (kg) (mean ± SD) | 79.5 ± 17.31 | 73.73 ± 17.74 | 0.13 |
| Height (cm) (mean ± SD) | 161.32 ± 4.98 | 161 ± 4.64 | 0.76 |
| BMI (kg/m2) (mean ± SD) | 31.67 ± 5.44 | 29.67 ± 3.03 | 0.06 |
| SBP (mmHg) (mean ± SD) | 111.66 ± 4.89 | 111.05 ± 63 | 0.66 |
| DBP (mmHg) (mean ± SD) | 71.19 ± 4.52 | 72.63 ± 6.44 | 0.24 |
| Activity | |||
| Light (n (%)) | 11 (26.2) | 5 (11.9) | 0.09 |
| Heavy (n (%)) | 31 (73.8) | 37 (88.1) | |
| FBG (mg/dl) | 97.1 ± 9.4 | 96.4 ± 10.4 | 0.24 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 5.65 ± 0.67 | 5.86 ± 1.12 | 0.48 |
GDM gestational diabetes mellitus, SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FBG fasting blood glucose, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin
* p values indicate comparison between groups (χ2 or independent-sample t test, as appropriate)