Table 3.
Characteristics of studies that met inclusion criteria, observations
| Type of scheme* | No of obser-vations** | Vulnerable groups reported*** | Quality | Study design**** | Data about impact | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female headed households | Older adults | Ethnic minorities | Displaced populations | Chronically ill | Disabled | Low | Medium | High | Exp | Obs | Qual | Enrolment | Utilization | Financial protection | Health outcomes | Quality of care | ||
| SHI | ||||||||||||||||||
| Africa | 4 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| Asia | 18 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 11 | 2 | 8 | 16 | 2 | 2 | 15 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 12 | 2 | 1 | |
| South America | 6 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 6 | 3 | |||||||||
| Total | 28 | |||||||||||||||||
| PHI | ||||||||||||||||||
| Africa | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Asia | 0 | |||||||||||||||||
| South America | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Total | 4 | |||||||||||||||||
| CBHI | ||||||||||||||||||
| Africa | 6 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 6 | 3 | ||||||||
| Asia | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | ||||||||
| South America | 0 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | 9 | |||||||||||||||||
| Mixed | ||||||||||||||||||
| Africa | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||
| Asia | 4 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
| South America | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |||||||||||
| Multi continent | 3 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | |||||||
| Total | 10 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | 51 | 6 | 17 | 3 | 2 | 34 | 9 | 10 | 44 | 7 | 7 | 41 | 3 | 33 | 28 | 20 | 3 | 4 |
*SHI Social health insurance, PHI Private Health Insurance, CBHI Community Based Health Insurance
**One study can report about more than one scheme, total studies included is 44
***One study can report about more than one vulnerable group. No studies were retrieved and selected that provide data regarding youth and children with special needs, the 7th and 8th group
****Exp (quasi) experimental design, Obs observational study, Qual qualitative design. No randomized controlled trial was included