Table 1. Baseline Demographics and Clinical Characteristics by Treatment Group.

Factor	Study Group				ASDa
	AVP Supplementation (n = 49)		Placebo (n = 51)
	No. Missing	Data	No. Missing	Data
Patient demographics
Age, median (IQR), y	0	26 (21-31)	0	27 (24-36)	0.35
Male, No. (%)	0	46 (94)	0	47 (92)	0.07
Race/ethnicity, No. (%)
Black	0	42 (86)	0	40 (78)	0.36
White	0	7 (14)	0	8 (16)
Hispanic	0	0	0	2 (4)
Asian	0	0	0	1 (2)
Injury characteristics
Penetrating mechanism, No. (%)	0	39 (80)	0	40 (78)	0.03
Injury Severity Score, median (IQR)b	0	19 (14-26)	0	26 (17-34)	0.29
PATI, median (IQR)c	0	32 (27-44)	0	26 (16-40)	0.38
Primary source of hemorrhage, No. (%)
Head	0	0	0	1 (2)	0.31
Neck	0	2 (4)	0	3 (6)
Thoracic	0	14 (29)	0	12 (24)
Abdominal	0	21 (43)	0	26 (51)
Extremity	0	12 (24)	0	9 (18)
Hemorrhage control, No. (%)
Operating room	0	48 (98)	0	50 (98)	0.29
Interventional radiology	0	0	0	1 (2)
Both	0	1 (2)	0	0
AIS ≥4, No. (%)
Neck	0	5 (10)	0	1 (2)	0.35
Chest	0	17 (35)	0	16 (31)	0.07
Abdomen	0	20 (41)	0	16 (31)	0.19
Extremity	0	5 (10)	0	5 (10)	0.01
Trauma bay admission vital signs, mean (SD)
SBP, mm Hg	0	113 (29)	0	114 (35)	0.02
MAP, mm Hg	1	76 (24)	0	82 (33)	0.20
HR, bpm	0	105 (27)	0	109 (26)	0.15
Glasgow Coma Score, median (IQR)d	0	14 (10-15)	0	14 (8-15)	0.17
Time to enrollment, median (IQR), min	0	97 (69-122)	0	80 (56-102)	0.29
Enrollment vital signs
Lowest SBP, mean (SD), mm Hg	0	77 (21)	0	69 (20)	0.38
SBP, mean (SD), mm Hg	0	99 (31)	0	90 (29)	0.30
MAP, mean (SD), mm Hg	0	70 (19)	0	66 (21)	0.18
HR, mean (SD), bpm	0	103 (17)	0	106 (25)	0.14
Temperature, median (IQR), °C	5	36 (35-37)	5	36 (35-36)	0.33
Trauma evaluation laboratory values
Lactate level, median (IQR), mg/dL	9	6 (4-9)	11	7 (5-11)	0.35
Sodium level, mean (SD), mEq/L	4	139 (3)	8	140 (4)	0.26
Creatinine level, mean (SD), mg/dL	5	1.35 (0.25)	8	1.33 (0.25)	0.03
Hemoglobin level, mean (SD), g/dL	4	12.6 (1.7)	8	12.0 (1.9)	0.33
Platelet count, mean (SD), ×103/μL	5	226 (74)	8	222 (77)	0.06
Prothrombin time, INR, median (IQR)	5	1.2 (1.1-1.4)	9	1.2 (1.2-1.4)	0.22
Partial thromboplastin time, median (IQR), s	5	27 (25-32)	9	29 (26-35)	0.11
Preenrollment resuscitation requirements
Crystalloids, median (IQR), L	0	2.1 (1.5-3.6)	0	2.0 (1.1-2.8)	0.32
Blood products, median (IQR), L	0	1.8 (1.8-2.3)	0	2.0 (1.8-2.2)	0.07
PRBC, median (IQR), L	0	1.5 (1.2-1.8)	0	1.5 (1.5-1.8)	0.08
FFP, median (IQR), L	0	0.5 (0.3-0.5)	0	0.5 (0.1-0.5)	0.18
Platelets, median (IQR), mL	0	0 (0-0)	0	0 (0-0)	0.14
Cryoprecipitate, median (IQR), mL	0	0 (0-0)	0	0 (0-0)	<0.001
Estimated blood loss, median (IQR), mL	0	250 (0-800)	1	25 (0-675)	0.15
Factor VII, No. (%)	0	0	0	0	<0.001
Tranexamic acid, No. (%)	0	18 (37)	0	23 (45)	0.17

Abbreviations: AIS, Abbreviated Injury Score; ASD, absolute standardized difference; bpm, beats per minute; AVP, arginine vasopressin; FFP, fresh frozen plasma; HR, heart rate; INR, international normalized ratio; IQR, interquartile range; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PATI, Penetrating Abdominal Trauma Index; PRBC, packed red blood cells; SBP, systolic blood pressure.

SI conversion factors: To convert creatinine to micromoles per liter, multiply by 88.4; hemoglobin to grams per liter, multiply by 10.0; lactate to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.111; platelets to 10⁹ per liter, multiply by 1.0; sodium to millimoles per liter, multiply by 1.0.

^aDefined as the absolute difference in means, mean ranks, or proportions between groups divided by the pooled SD. Variables with ASD of greater than 0.392 are defined as imbalanced between groups. An ASD of no greater than 0.392 will capture 95% of the participants if the true ASD is zero for that variable.

^bScores range from 0 to 75, with higher scores indicating more severe injury.

^cApplicable only for patients with an abdominal injury; summary includes 25 in the AVP group and 23 in the placebo group. Scores range from 0 to 200, with higher scores indicating greater severity.

^dScores range from 3 to 15, with higher scores indicating greater level of consciousness.