Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Aug 22;10:1891. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01891

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2019 Walleczek and von Stillfried.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

The AMP-based research design involves the true-experiment (A) and the sham-experiment (B). The figure illustrates the serial AMP-8 research design (Walleczek, in preparation). The concepts of (1) standard experiment (X/O), (2) systematic negative control (SNC; O/O), (3) systematic positive control (SPC; X/X), and (4) systematic time-reversed control (STC; O/X), in the true-experiment (A) as well as the accompanying sham-experiment (B) are shown. For an explanation of the use of the SNC (O/O), SPC (X/X), and STC (O/X) test trials, see Section “Three Additional Control Test Categories.” Illustrated in (A) is one possible sequence of six successive test trials, where X and O stand for intervention and control conditions, respectively. The serial progression in time is from left to right, whereby the sham-experiment is done either before or after the true-experiment in the serial AMP-format. The sham-experiment is illustrated in (B) and the sham-intervention and control conditions are labeled X_S and O_S, respectively. In the present work, the sham-experiment is done in the absence of any test subjects, as is indicated by the labels X_S and O_S in (B) in place of the labels X and O in (A). A total of 10,000 experimental trials (N = 1,250 test trials for each of the eight pre-specified test categories in the AMP-8 format) are performed as part of the commissioned replication study.