Table 3.
Factors Associated With the Use of Robotic Lobectomy in Stage I to IIIA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
| OR (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Unadjusted | Adjusted | p Valuea |
| Sex (male) | 0.92 (0.86–0.98) | 0.98 (0.91–1.06) | 0.637 |
| Age (years) | |||
| ≤55 | Referent | ||
| 56–65 | 1.02 (0.91–1.15) | 1.04 (0.92–1.18) | 0.504 |
| 66–75 | 1.13 (1.01–1.25) | 1.16 (1.02–1.33) | 0.024 |
| >75 | 1.13 (1.00–1.27) | 1.20 (1.03–1.41) | 0.022 |
| Race | |||
| White | Referent | ||
| Black | 1.19 (1.07–1.33) | 1.14 (0.94–1.39) | 0.191 |
| Other | 1.52 (1.35–1.71) | 1.44 (0.92–2.26) | 0.115 |
| Population area | |||
| Nonmetropolitan or unspecified | Referent | ||
| Metropolitan | 1.37 (1.25–1.50) | 1.29 (1.05–1.58) | 0.013 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| COPD | 1.07 (1.00–1.15) | 1.14 (1.02–1.28) | 0.018 |
| Congestive heart failure | 1.03 (0.84–1.26) | 1.02 (0.82–1.26) | 0.880 |
| Diabetes | 1.09 (1.00–1.19) | 1.05 (0.95–1.16) | 0.347 |
| Hypertension | 1.11 (1.04–1.19) | 1.05 (0.94–1.16) | 0.395 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1.18 (1.03–1.35) | 1.18 (1.03–1.35) | 0.016 |
| Tumor size | |||
| <3.0 cm | Referent | ||
| 3.0–4.9 cm | 0.83 (0.77–0.90) | 0.87 (0.75–1.01) | 0.061 |
| 5.0–6.9 cm | 0.55 (0.48–0.63) | 0.63 (0.53–0.76) | <0.001 |
| ≥7.0 cm | 0.38 (0.31–0.47) | 0.46 (0.35–0.60) | <0.001 |
| Tumor location | |||
| Lower lobe | Referent | ||
| Middle lobe | 1.05 (0.92–1.21) | 0.95 (0.79–1.14) | 0.591 |
| Upper lobe | 0.88 (0.82–0.95) | 0.85 (0.77–0.94) | 0.001 |
| Other or unspecified | 0.66 (0.53–0.83) | 0.70 (0.54–0.92) | 0.001 |
| Histology | |||
| Adenocarcinoma | Referent | ||
| Squamous | 0.84 (0.78–0.91) | 0.91 (0.83–1.00) | 0.049 |
| Carcinoid | 1.09 (0.95–1.25) | 1.03 (0.89–1.20) | 0.652 |
| Other | 0.80 (0.70–0.92) | 0.91 (0.78–1.07) | 0.255 |
| AJCC stage | |||
| IA | Referent | ||
| IB | 0.88 (0.81–0.95) | 0.98 (0.88–1.09) | 0.724 |
| IIA | 0.70 (0.63–0.78) | 0.85 (0.75–0.96) | 0.009 |
| IIB | 0.59 (0.52–0.67) | 0.81 (0.69–0.96) | 0.015 |
| IIIA | 0.66 (0.59–0.75) | 0.80 (0.69–0.93) | 0.004 |
| Hospital type | |||
| Community/other | Referent | ||
| Academic or NCI designated | 1.77 (1.65–1.89) | 1.55 (1.03–2.33) | 0.037 |
| Hospital volume | |||
| Quartile 1, 2, and 3 | Referent | ||
| Quartile 4 (highest volume) | 1.74 (1.61–1.87) | 1.48 (1.03–2.12) | 0.033 |
a
P value from multivariable regression model.
AJCC = American Joint Committee on Cancer; CI = confidence interval; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; NCI = National Cancer Institute; OR = odds ratio.