Table 3A.

OLS Regression Analysis: Add Health Wave 1 and 3 Interactive Effects of Exposure to 9/11, Stratified by Wave 1 Hopefulness

Outcome	Depression Scale	Depression Scale	Depression Scale	Depression Scale
Sample	Never Hopeful	Sometimes Hopeful	A lot Hopeful	Always Hopeful
Post 9/11 Indicator	0.154	0.228	0.489***	0.650***
	(0.329)	(0.206)	(0.174)	(0.188)
Time	−0.002	−0.003**	−0.002**	−0.003***
	(0.002)	(0.001)	(0.001)	(0.001)
Black	−0.029	0.491***	0.573***	0.500***
	(0.273)	(0.183)	(0.156)	(0.150)
Hispanic	0.396	0.098	0.350**	0.162
	(0.301)	(0.188)	(0.169)	(0.192)
Other Race	1.010**	0.345	0.627***	0.884***
	(0.399)	(0.239)	(0.209)	(0.247)
Male	−1.392***	−0.733***	−0.781***	−0.670***
	(0.209)	(0.132)	(0.111)	(0.119)
Age	0.033	0.037	−0.005	−0.081**
	(0.061)	(0.038)	(0.032)	(0.034)
Family Income	0.002	−0.004*	−0.002	−0.003**
	(0.003)	(0.002)	(0.001)	(0.001)
Maternal Education	−0.030	−0.035	−0.062**	−0.077***
	(0.050)	(0.031)	(0.027)	(0.029)
PVT Score	−0.013	−0.030***	−0.030***	−0.029***
	(0.008)	(0.005)	(0.005)	(0.005)
Missing Maternal Education	0.288	0.071	0.405**	0.405*
	(0.306)	(0.212)	(0.193)	(0.214)
Missing State Information	2.140*	−0.274	1.718*	0.017
	(1.288)	(1.085)	(0.906)	(0.757)
Constant	7.025***	8.559***	8.746***	10.223***
	(1.607)	(1.041)	(0.890)	(0.945)
Observations	1,694	3,859	5,081	4,390
R-squared	0.037	0.031	0.036	0.039

Notes: Robust standard errors,

^***1%,

^**5%,

^*10%.

This table reports associations from Table 2, column 2 stratified by baseline hopefulness categories (never, sometimes, a lot, always) and finds large impacts of exposure to 9/11 for those reporting “a lot” and “always” levels of hopefulness but statistically insignificant effects for those respondents reporting “never” or “sometimes” levels of hopefulness at Wave 1. Additional controls not shown: Missing PVT score indicator, Missing Family Income Information Indicator, both of which are not significant.