TABLE 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics.

			Cluster 1		Cluster 2		Cluster 3		Cluster 4
					High health		High PsySoc
	Total sample		High resilience		low PsySoc		low health		Low resilience
	(n = 60)		(n = 25)		(n = 13)		(n = 15)		(n = 7)
Characteristic	M or N	SD or %	M or N	SD or %	M or N	SD or %	M or N	SD or %	M or N	SD or %
Age (years)	68.1	7.0	69.1	5.8	65.4	5.1	70.0	10.2	65.6	4.7
Sex
Male	26	43.3	11	44.0	3	23.1	9	60.0	3	42.9
Female	34	56.7	14	56.0	10	76.9	6	40.0	4	57.1
Race
White/Caucasian	42	70.0	19	76.0	8	61.5	10	66.7	5	71.4
Black/African American	12	20.0	4	16.0	3	23.1	4	26.7	1	14.3
Other	6	10.0	2	8.0	2	15.4	1	6.7	1	14.3
Education
≤HS diploma	13	21.7	3	12.0	4	30.8	5	33.3	1	14.3
Some college/tech degree	17	28.3	7	28.0	3	23.1	3	20.0	4	57.1
Associates/bachelors	18	30.0	11	44.0	4	30.8	2	13.3	1	14.3
Graduate/professional	12	20.0	4	16.0	2	15.4	5	33.3	1	14.3
Marital status
Married/partnered	31	51.7	21	84.0	2	15.4	6	40.0	2	28.6
Not married/partnered	29	48.3	4	16.0	11	84.6	9	60.0	5	71.4
Employment
Employed	9	15.0	4	16.0	2	15.4	2	13.3	1	14.3
Not employed	51	85.0	21	84.0	11	84.6	13	86.7	6	85.7
Income∗
≤$20,000	21	35.0	5	20.8	5	38.5	7	50.0	4	66.7
$20,000–39,999	10	16.7	3	12.5	5	38.5	1	7.1	1	16.7
$40,000–59,999	11	18.3	7	29.2	1	7.7	3	21.4	0	0.0
$60,000–99,999	8	13.3	6	25.0	2	15.4	0	0.0	0	0.0
≥$100,000	7	11.7	3	12.5	0	0.0	3	21.4	1	16.7
Back pain duration (years)	16.4	14.2	20.8	16.1	15.8	12.9	9.9	10.8	16.0	12.7

^∗Some data not reported. HS, high school.