TABLE 2.
Means (standard deviations), significance test and effect sizes of sex, age, family affluence, dieting, and physical activity with the three variables related with body image.
| Body Mass Index | Body Image Perception | Body Image Satisfaction | |||||
| Descriptive statistics | Significance tests | Descriptive statistics | Significance tests | Descriptive statistics | Significance tests | ||
| Sex | Boys | 21.38 (3.93) | t(4529) = 4.08, | 3.04 (0.81) | t(4529) = 11.10, | 4.13 (0.80) | t(4529) = 15.53, |
| Girls | 20.93 (3.47) | p < 0.001; d = 0.12 | 3.31 (0.83) | p < 0.001; d = 0.33 | 3.72 (0.96) | p < 0.001; d = 0.46 | |
| Age | 13–14 year | 20.31 (3.55) | F(4528) = 36.99, | 3.16 (0.79) | F(4528) = 0.30, | 4.04 (0.88) | F(4528) = 10.76, |
| 15–16 year | 21.08 (3.61) | p < 0.001; η2 = 0.02 | 3.17 (0.82) | p = 0.74; η2 < 0.01 | 3.94 (0.91) | p < 0.001; η2 = 0.01 | |
| 17–18 year | 21.71 (3.87) | d = 0.21/0.17/0.37 | 3.19 (0.88) | d = 0.01/0.02/0.03 | 3.85 (0.92) | d = 0.11/0.10/0.21 | |
| FAS | Low | 21.92 (4.48) | F(4528) = 29.57, | 3.27 (0.90) | F(4528) = 9.70, | 3.77 (0.98) | F(4528) = 18.66, |
| Medium | 21.19 (3.58) | p < 0.001; η2 = 0.01 | 3.18 (0.82) | p < 0.001; η2 = 0.01 | 3.94 (0.90) | p < 0.001; η2 = 0.01 | |
| High | 20.66 (3.20) | d = 0.19/0.15/0.34 | 3.11 (0.80) | d = 0.11/0.09/0.20 | 4.02 (0.87) | d = 0.18/0.09/0.26 | |
| Diet to lose | No | 20.75 (3.38) | t(4765) = −19.87, | 3.07 (0.80) | t(5233) = 23.78, | 4.02 (0.85) | t(5007) = 1.96, |
| Yes | 23.90 (4.65) | p < 0.001; d = 0.88 | 3.90 (0.68) | p < 0.001; d = 1.05 | 3.27 (1.03) | p < 0.001; d = 0.86 | |
| Diet to gain | No | 21.21 (3.76) | t(4765) = 4.07, | 3.22 (0.83) | t(5233) = 13.33, | 3.90 (0.93) | t(5007) = 1.96, |
| Yes | 20.07 (3.05) | p < 0.001; d = 0.30 | 2.41 (0.83) | p < 0.001; d = 0.98 | 4.04 (0.84) | p = 0.050; d = 0.15 | |
| MVPA | Null | 21.81 (4.79) | F(4528) = 18.20, | 3.35 (1.00) | F(4528) = 28.55, | 3.47 (1.08) | F(4528) = 157.99, |
| Low | 21.31 (3.67) | p < 0.001; η2 = 0.01 | 3.22 (0.85) | p < 0.001; η2 = 0.01 | 3.83 (0.90) | p < 0.001; η2 = 0.07 | |
| High | 20.65 (3.43) | d = 0.13/0.18/0.30 | 3.03 (0.69) | d = 0.15/0.24/0.42 | 4.28 (0.74) | d = 0.39/0.53/0.98 | |
| VPA | Null | 21.25 (4.73) | F(4528) = 0.60, | 3.19 (0.95) | F(4528) = 9.13, | 3.64 (1.04) | F(4528) = 74.10, |
| Low | 21.20 (3.74) | p = 0.55; η2 < 0.01 | 3.22 (0.84) | p < 0.001; η2 < 0.01 | 3.87 (0.90) | p < 0.001; η2 = 0.03 | |
| High | 21.08 (3.26) | d = 0.01/0.03/0.05 | 3.04 (0.81) | d = 0.03/0.22/0.18 | 4.14 (0.82) | d = 0.25/0.31/0.56 | |
FAS, Family Affluence Scale; MVPA, Moderate-Vigorous Physical Activity; VPA, Vigorous Physical Activity; y, years-old. In contrasts of d of Cohen with variables of three values: the d in first position corresponds to the contrast of the 1st and 2nd value, the d in second position corresponds to the contrast of the 2nd and 3rd value and the d in third position corresponds to the contrast of the 1st and 3rd value. The bold values indicate small (0.20–0.49), medium (0.50–0.79), or high (0.80 and above) effect size values.