FIG 3.

CFAV inhibits DENV-1 and ZIKV dissemination in vivo. (A) The schematic summarizes the design of experiments 1 and 2. Mosquitoes were orally challenged with DENV-1 or ZIKV 2 days after CFAV inoculation. Day 0 represents the day of arbovirus exposure. Arbovirus titration was performed in C6/36 (experiment 1) or Vero (experiment 2) cells. The dissemination rate is the percentage of infected mosquitoes with an arbovirus-positive head. The dissemination titer is the infectious titer per arbovirus-positive head. (B to D) Bar plots represent the dissemination rates of DENV-1 (B and C) and ZIKV (D) over time in the presence or absence of CFAV. (E to G) Box plots represent the dissemination titers of DENV-1 (E and F) and ZIKV (G) over time in log₁₀-transformed focus-forming units (FFUs) per milliliter of mosquito head homogenate in the presence or absence of CFAV. The vertical bars are the 95% confidence intervals of the percentages (B to D) or 1.5 interquartile ranges (E to G). The P values above the graphs indicate the statistical significance of the treatment effect in a full model accounting for the time point effect (except for panel F, because the model did not meet the assumption of normal residual distribution). Asterisks show the statistically significant treatment effects at single time points (***, P < 0.001).