FIG 5.

CCHFV Hoti infection results in expansion of neutrophils and inflammatory macrophages. IFNAR^−/− mice were inoculated with 1 TCID₅₀ of CCHFV strain Hoti. At the indicated time points, the spleen was collected and stained with fluorescently conjugated antibodies for flow cytometry. Cells were gated to exclude debris, doublets, and nonviable cells. Neutrophils (A), inflammatory macrophages (B), Ly6C^low macrophages (C), peripheral dendritic cells (pDCs) (D), and classical dendritic cells (cDCs) (E) were identified according to the gating strategy outlined in the text (data not shown). Horizontal bars indicate the mean. Samples from mock-infected mice were collected at each time point and pooled for analysis. n = 24 for mock, 6 each for days 3, 8, and 14 p.i., and 12 for day 28 p.i. Statistical comparison to mock-infected mice was performed using an ordinary one-way ANOVA with the Holm-Sidak multiple-comparison test for cell numbers and percentages and two-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple-comparison test for median fluorescent intensity of activation markers. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ****, P < 0.0001.