Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics in Patients With and Without Anticoagulant Therapy by Each Cutoff Point of the ISTH Overt DIC Scoring System.
| Characteristics | ISTH Overt DIC score | Total | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | ||
| n = 41 | n = 193 | n = 310 | n = 326 | n = 275 | n = 361 | n = 306 | n = 127 | n = 258 | n = 1893 | |
| Patient characteristics | ||||||||||
| Age (years) | 71 (61-79) | 70 (59-79) | 71 (60-81) | 73 (63-80) | 71 (63-80) | 72 (60-80) | 72 (64-81) | 74 (60-82) | 65 (44-71) | 72 (62-80) |
| Sex, male | 102 (63%) | 88 (67%) | 149 (61%) | 214 (58%) | 257 (59%) | 166 (57%) | 96 (55%) | 38 (52%) | 9 (56%) | 1119 (59%) |
| Illness severity | ||||||||||
| APACHE II score | 19 (14-23) | 19 (14-27) | 21 (15-26) | 22 (17-27) | 22 (17-28) | 23 (18-31) | 24 (19-31) | 26 (22-33) | 30 (22-37) | 22 (17-28) |
| SOFA score | 6 (4-9) | 8 (5-10) | 8 (5-11) | 8 (6-11) | 9 (7-12) | 11 (8-13) | 12 (10-15) | 13 (11-15) | 17 (14-19) | 9 (6-12) |
| Source of ICU admission | ||||||||||
| Emergency department | 99 (61%) | 56 (42%) | 129 (53%) | 167 (45%) | 177 (41%) | 125 (43%) | 64 (37%) | 33 (45%) | 9 (56%) | 859 (45%) |
| Ward | 44 (27%) | 50 (38%) | 61 (25%) | 104 (28%) | 145 (33%) | 84 (29%) | 53 (30%) | 20 (27%) | 5 (31%) | 566 (30%) |
| Other hospital | 18 (11%) | 26 (20%) | 53 (22%) | 99 (27%) | 111 (26%) | 82 (28%) | 57 (33%) | 20 (27%) | 2 (13%) | 468 (25%) |
| Preexisting comorbidities | ||||||||||
| Immunocompromised | 15 (9%) | 10 (8%) | 28 (12%) | 45 (12%) | 48 (11%) | 29 (10%) | 15 (9%) | 11 (15%) | 1 (6%) | 202 (11%) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 6 (4%) | 16 (12%) | 17 (7%) | 29 (8%) | 30 (7%) | 36 (12%) | 9 (5%) | 6 (8%) | 2 (13%) | 151 (8%) |
| Chronic heart failure | 16 (10%) | 3 (2%) | 18 (7%) | 15 (4%) | 21 (5%) | 14 (5%) | 14 (8%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (6%) | 103 (5%) |
| Chronic respiratory disorder | 7 (4%) | 4 (3%) | 9 (4%) | 12 (3%) | 21 (5%) | 12 (4%) | 5 (3%) | 3 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 73 (4%) |
| Liver insufficiency | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0%) | 7 (2%) | 4 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) | 15 (1%) |
| Site of infection | ||||||||||
| Abdomen | 29 (18%) | 42 (32%) | 80 (33%) | 109 (29%) | 156 (36%) | 109 (37%) | 72 (41%) | 27 (37%) | 7 (44%) | 631 (33%) |
| Lung | 71 (44%) | 45 (34%) | 79 (33%) | 109 (29%) | 92 (21%) | 43 (15%) | 21 (12%) | 8 (11%) | 3 (19%) | 471 (25%) |
| Urinary tract | 25 (16%) | 12 (9%) | 23 (9%) | 53 (14%) | 70 (16%) | 69 (24%) | 38 (22%) | 17 (23%) | 3 (19%) | 310 (16%) |
| Bone/soft tissue | 26 (16%) | 22 (17%) | 30 (12%) | 60 (16%) | 50 (12%) | 29 (10%) | 18 (10%) | 6 (8%) | 1 (6%) | 242 (13%) |
| Central nervous system | 4 (2%) | 4 (3%) | 5 (2%) | 6 (2%) | 11 (3%) | 9 (3%) | 7 (4%) | 3 (4%) | 0 (0%) | 49 (3%) |
| Other/unknown | 6 (4%) | 7 (5%) | 26 (11%) | 33 (9%) | 54 (12%) | 32 (11%) | 18 (10%) | 12 (16%) | 2 (13%) | 190 (10%) |
| Therapeutic interventions | ||||||||||
| Immunoglobulin | 36 (22%) | 35 (27%) | 79 (33%) | 109 (29%) | 150 (35%) | 111 (38%) | 67 (39%) | 33 (45%) | 6 (38%) | 626 (33%) |
| Low-dose steroid | 27 (17%) | 20 (15%) | 54 (22%) | 94 (25%) | 104 (24%) | 73 (25%) | 55 (32%) | 26 (36%) | 9 (56%) | 462 (24%) |
| Renal replacement therapy | 22 (14%) | 28 (21%) | 56 (23%) | 93 (25%) | 128 (30%) | 105 (36%) | 67 (39%) | 37 (51%) | 8 (50%) | 544 (29%) |
| Surgical intervention | 53 (33%) | 57 (43%) | 96 (40%) | 172 (46%) | 196 (45%) | 138 (47%) | 91 (52%) | 31 (42%) | 3 (19%) | 837 (44%) |
| Antithrombin | 19 (12%) | 30 (23%) | 59 (24%) | 106 (29%) | 165 (38%) | 141 (48%) | 90 (52%) | 39 (53%) | 10 (63%) | 659 (35%) |
| Recombinant thrombomodulin | 13 (8%) | 20 (15%) | 54 (22%) | 98 (26%) | 135 (31%) | 128 (44%) | 89 (51%) | 36 (49%) | 5 (31%) | 578 (31%) |
| Heparin/Heparinoid | 9 (6%) | 3 (2%) | 7 (3%) | 21 (6%) | 23 (5%) | 18 (6%) | 21 (12%) | 4 (5%) | 2 (13%) | 108 (6%) |
| Outcomes | ||||||||||
| In-hospital mortality | 25 (16%) | 27 (20%) | 61 (25%) | 90 (24%) | 124 (29%) | 99 (34%) | 71 (41%) | 31 (42%) | 12 (75%) | 540 (29%) |
| With anticoagulant | 5 (14%) | 8 (17%) | 30 (31%) | 43 (25%) | 75 (30%) | 61 (31%) | 54 (40%) | 20 (38%) | 7 (64%) | 303 (30%) |
| Without anticoagulant | 20 (16%) | 19 (22%) | 31 (21%) | 47 (23%) | 49 (27%) | 38 (40%) | 17 (44%) | 11 (52%) | 5 (100%) | 237 (26%) |
| Bleeding complications | 13 (8%) | 13 (10%) | 29 (12%) | 38 (10%) | 64 (15%) | 32 (11%) | 24 (14%) | 6 (8%) | 11 (69%) | 230 (12%) |
| With anticoagulant | 3 (8%) | 3 (6%) | 14 (15%) | 23 (14%) | 48 (19%) | 27 (14%) | 21 (16%) | 6 (12%) | 8 (73%) | 153 (15%) |
| Without anticoagulant | 10 (8%) | 10 (12%) | 15 (10%) | 15 (7%) | 16 (9%) | 5 (5%) | 3 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (60%) | 77 (9%) |
Abbreviations: APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; ICU, intensive care unit; ISTH, International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.