Table 2. Comparison of the clinical characteristics of patients with T2DM in the community between those with NAFLD and those without NAFLD.
| All patients | Men | Women | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-NAFLD | NAFLD | P | Non-NAFLD | NAFLD | P | Non-NAFLD | NAFLD | P | |
| n | 245 | 352 | 125 | 200 | 120 | 152 | |||
| Age (years) | 56 ± 13 | 52 ± 13 | <0.001 | 54.3 ± 11.9 | 49.2 ± 13.2 | <0.001 | 57.3 ± 13.2 | 54.8 ± 12.9 | 0.122 |
| T2DM duration (years) | 10 (5, 16) | 7 (2, 12) | <0.001 | 10 (4, 15) | 5 (1, 10) | <0.001 | 11 (6, 17) | 8 (3, 13) | 0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.2 ± 4.5 | 26.8 ± 3.8 | <0.001 | 24.1 ± 3.0 | 27.0 ± 3.4 | <0.001 | 24.3 ± 5.7 | 26.7 ± 4.2 | <0.001 |
| Waist (cm) | 88.8 ± 9.8 | 96.1 ± 10.2 | <0.001 | 89.4 ± 9.7 | 97.7 ± 9.8 | <0.001 | 88.2 ± 9.9 | 94.0 ± 10.5 | <0.001 |
| WHR | 0.90 ± 0.07 | 0.94 ± 0.07 | <0.001 | 0.91 ± 0.06 | 0.95 ± 0.07 | <0.001 | 0.90 ± 0.08 | 0.92 ± 0.08 | 0.064 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 131 ± 19 | 130 ± 17 | 0.526 | 129.0 ± 16.8 | 128.8 ± 16.5 | 0.918 | 132.4 ± 21.3 | 130.9 ± 17.0 | 0.527 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78 ± 11 | 80 ± 11 | 0.031 | 80.1 ± 10.6 | 81.7 ± 11.0 | 0.209 | 76.5 ± 10.3 | 78.6 ± 11.5 | 0.126 |
| Alcohol drinker, n (%) | 41 (16.7) | 65 (18.5) | 0.923 | 41 (32.8) | 62 (31.0) | 0.590 | 0 (0) | 3 (1.97) | 0.330 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.7 ± 1.2 | 4.8 ± 1.1 | <0.010 | 4.5 ± 1.3 | 4.7 ± 1.1 | 0.019 | 4.8 ± 1.1 | 4.8 ± 1.0 | 0.745 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.2 (0.9, 1.6) | 1.9 (1.4, 2.7) | <0.001 | 1.14 (0.86, 1.54) | 1.84 (1.40, 2.92) | <0.001 | 1.37 (0.95, 1.84) | 1.96 (1.36, 2.73) | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.1 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | <0.001 | 1.03 ± 0.29 | 0.87 ± 0.18 | <0.001 | 1.12 ± 0.27 | 0.98 ± 0.22 | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 2.8 ± 0.8 | 0.968 | 2.75 ± 0.81 | 2.84 ± 0.77 | 0.308 | 2.89 ± 0.84 | 2.78 ± 0.93 | 0.322 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 14 (11, 19) | 22 (14, 34) | <0.001 | 15 (12, 20) | 24.0 (16.0, 37.0) | <0.001 | 14 (10, 18) | 19.0 (12.0, 31.0) | <0.001 |
| AST (IU/L) | 16 (13, 20) | 19 (15, 26) | <0.001 | 16.0 (13.0, 19.0) | 19.0 (15.0, 25.0) | <0.001 | 16.0 (13.3, 21.0) | 18.5 (14.0, 26.8) | 0.023 |
| GGT (IU/L) | 19 (14, 26) | 30 (20, 47) | <0.001 | 21.0 (16.0, 29.0) | 35.0 (23.3, 54.0) | <0.001 | 17.0 (14.0, 24.0) | 24.5 (18.0, 35.8) | <0.001 |
| Scr (µmol/L) | 60 (50, 70) | 59 (49, 68) | 0.260 | 67.0 (60.0, 74.0) | 65.0 (57.0, 72.0) | 0.139 | 52.0 (44.0, 59.0) | 50.0 (45.0, 57.8) | 0.270 |
| SUA (µmol/L) | 300 ± 86 | 338 ± 86 | <0.001 | 316 ± 76 | 352 ± 88 | <0.001 | 283 ± 93 | 321 ± 80 | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 149.4 ± 43.2 | 157.6 ± 42.1 | 0.021 | 150.1 ± 39.4 | 159.9 ± 43.6 | 0.021 | 148.7 ± 47.1 | 154.6 ± 40.0 | 0.274 |
| HbA1c (%) | 9.2 ± 2.4 | 9.3 ± 1.9 | 0.579 | 9.24 ± 2.35 | 9.42 ± 1.99 | 0.460 | 9.14 ± 2.41 | 9.12 ± 1.83 | 0.929 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 8.3 ± 3.1 | 8.8 ± 2.7 | 0.151 | 8.39 ± 2.75 | 8.82 ± 2.79 | 0.176 | 8.30 ± 3.36 | 8.52 ± 2.67 | 0.547 |
| 2hPG (mmol/L) | 12.6 ± 4.4 | 13.4 ± 4.4 | 0.032 | 12.34 ± 4.37 | 13.72 ± 4.58 | 0.007 | 12.81 ± 4.51 | 12.88 ± 4.11 | 0.892 |
| FINS (mIU/L) | 3.6 ± 2.4 | 5.2 ± 2.8 | <0.001 | 3.57 ± 2.14 | 5.17 ± 2.41 | <0.001 | 3.54 ± 2.63 | 5.33 ± 3.16 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.2 ± 0.8 | 1.9 ± 1.0 | <0.001 | 1.16 (0.73, 1.75) | 1.75 (1.33, 2.44) | <0.001 | 1.0 (0.53, 1.65) | 1.67 (1.10, 2.62) | <0.001 |
| FC-P (nmol/L) | 2.04 ± 1.15 | 2.11 ± 1.31 | 0.505 | 2.02 ± 1.03 | 2.14 ± 1.28 | 0.387 | 2.07 ± 1.27 | 2.08 ± 1.36 | 0.939 |
| Anti-hypertensive drug use | 89 (36.3%) | 130 (36.9%) | 0.880 | 42 (33.6%) | 63 (31.5%) | 0.694 | 47 (39.2%) | 67 (44.1%) | 0.415 |
| Statin use | 30 (12.2%) | 48 (13.6%) | 0.620 | 10 (8.0%) | 19 (9.5%) | 0.644 | 20 (16.7%) | 29 (19.1%) | 0.607 |
| Hyperuricemia | 1 (0.4%) | 8 (2.3%) | 0.089 | 0 (0%) | 7 (3.5%) | 0.046 | 1 (0.8%) | 1 (0.7%) | 1.000 |
Notes.
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, median (interquartile range) or n (%).
- 2hPG
- plasma glucose 2 h after a 75 g oral glucose load
- ALT
- alanine aminotransferase
- AST
- aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: body mass index
- DBP
- diastolic blood pressure
- eGFR
- estimated glomerular filtration rate
- FC-P
- fasting C-peptide
- FINS
- fasting insulin
- FPG
- fasting plasma glucose
- GGT
- gamma-glutamyl transferase
- HbA1c
- glycated hemoglobin
- HDL-C
- high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- HOMA-IR
- homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance
- LDL-C
- low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
- NAFLD
- nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
- SBP
- systolic blood pressure
- Scr
- serum creatinine
- SUA
- serum uric acid
- T2DM
- type 2 diabetes mellitus
- TC
- total cholesterol
- TG
- triglycerides
- WHR
- waist-to-hip ratio