Table 1.
Demographics and Clinical Characteristics of Study Cohorts.
| Stratified by Age-Group | Stratified by Baseline Renal Disease Status | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <65 Years, n = 10 748 | 65-74 Years, n = 2803 | ≥75 years, n = 4344 | P Value | With, n = 5892 | Without, n = 12 003 | P Value | ||||||
| Age, years | ||||||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 45.5 (17.3) | 69.5 (2.9) | 83.0 (5.6) | <.001 | 64.1 (17.4) | 55.6 (22.5) | <.001 | |||||
| Median | 51 | 69 | 82 | 64 | 59 | |||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
| Age-group, years | <.001 | <.001 | ||||||||||
| <18 | 1093 | 10.2 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 44 | 0.8 | 1049 | 8.7 | ||
| 18-29 | 796 | 7.4 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 199 | 3.4 | 597 | 5.0 | ||
| 30-39 | 1022 | 9.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 298 | 5.1 | 724 | 6.0 | ||
| 40-49 | 1883 | 17.5 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 531 | 9.0 | 1352 | 11.3 | ||
| 50-59 | 3635 | 33.8 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1107 | 18.8 | 2528 | 21.1 | ||
| 60-64 | 2319 | 21.6 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 809 | 13.7 | 1510 | 12.6 | ||
| 65-69 | 0 | 0.0 | 1410 | 50.3 | 0 | 0.0 | 528 | 9.0 | 882 | 7.4 | ||
| 70-74 | 0 | 0.0 | 1393 | 49.7 | 0 | 0.0 | 560 | 9.5 | 833 | 6.9 | ||
| 75-79 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1381 | 31.8 | 543 | 9.2 | 838 | 7.0 | ||
| ≥80 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 2963 | 68.2 | 1273 | 21.6 | 1690 | 14.1 | ||
| Gender | <.001 | <.001 | ||||||||||
| Female | 5908 | 55.0 | 1481 | 52.8 | 2525 | 58.1 | 3158 | 53.6 | 6756 | 56.3 | ||
| Male | 4840 | 45.0 | 1322 | 47.2 | 1819 | 41.9 | 2734 | 46.4 | 5247 | 43.7 | ||
| Health plan | <.001 | <.001 | ||||||||||
| Comprehensive | 4196 | 39.0 | 1879 | 67.0 | 2881 | 66.3 | 3713 | 63.0 | 5243 | 43.7 | ||
| HMO | 1684 | 15.7 | 69 | 2.5 | 31 | 0.7 | 381 | 6.5 | 1403 | 11.7 | ||
| CDHP | 968 | 9.0 | 21 | 0.8 | 20 | 0.5 | 238 | 4.0 | 771 | 6.4 | ||
| EPO | 12 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 0.0 | 11 | 0.1 | ||
| POS | 614 | 5.7 | 52 | 1.9 | 85 | 2.0 | 160 | 2.7 | 591 | 4.9 | ||
| POS w/ Capitation | 101 | 0.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 39 | 0.7 | 62 | 0.5 | ||
| PPO | 2618 | 24.4 | 741 | 26.4 | 1258 | 29.0 | 1193 | 20.3 | 3424 | 28.5 | ||
| Missing/Unknown | 555 | 5.2 | 41 | 1.5 | 69 | 1.6 | 167 | 2.8 | 498 | 4.2 | ||
| Index Hospitalization LOS, days | <.001 | |||||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 4.6 (4.7) | 5.1 (4.5) | 5.1 (3.9) | 6.0 (5.7) | 4.2 (3.7) | <.001 | ||||||
| Median | 3 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | |||||||
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, Pre-index Hospitalization | <.001 | |||||||||||
| Mean (SD) | 2.0 (2.4) | 2.6 (2.4) | 2.4 (2.2) | 3.2 (2.6) | 1.7 (2.1) | <.001 | ||||||
| Median | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 1 | |||||||
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |||
| CCI Score Group | <.001 | <.001 | ||||||||||
| CCI = 0 | 3642 | 33.9 | 568 | 20.3 | 915 | 21.1 | 947 | 16.1 | 4178 | 34.8 | ||
| CCI = 1-2 | 4007 | 37.3 | 1091 | 38.9 | 1770 | 40.8 | 1745 | 29.6 | 5123 | 42.7 | ||
| CCI = 3-4 | 1592 | 14.8 | 662 | 23.6 | 1011 | 23.3 | 1501 | 25.5 | 1764 | 14.7 | ||
| CCI ≥ 5 | 1507 | 14.0 | 482 | 17.2 | 648 | 14.9 | 1699 | 28.8 | 938 | 7.8 | ||
Abbreviations: CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; CDHP, Consumer Driven Health Plan; EPO, Exclusive Provider Organization; HMO, Health Maintenance Organization; LOS, length of stay; POS, point-of-service; PPO, Preferred Provider Organization; SD, standard deviation.