TABLE 1.
Means and standard deviations for variables at all time points for IG group.
| Variable | 6 weeks prior | 3 weeks prior | 1 week prior | Invictus Games | 1 week post | 3 weeks post | 6 weeks post | |||||||
| M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |
| Organizational Stressors Frequency | 1.46 | 0.83 | 1.65 | 0.74 | 1.47 | 0.66 | 1.61 | 0.83 | 1.61 | 0.75 | 1.09 | 0.99 | 1.14 | 0.93 |
| Goals and Development Frequency | 2.22 | 1.15 | 2.49 | 1.27 | 2.23 | 1.32 | 2.16 | 1.24 | 2.06 | 1.20 | 1.57 | 1.87 | 1.75 | 1.73 |
| Logistics and Operations Frequency | 1.39 | 0.81 | 1.56 | 0.84 | 1.43 | 0.73 | 1.54 | 0.95 | 1.56 | 0.88 | 1.08 | 0.96 | 1.09 | 0.96 |
| Team and Culture Frequency | 1.24 | 1.22 | 1.55 | 0.96 | 1.52 | 0.82 | 1.89 | 1.34 | 1.54 | 0.89 | 1.03 | 0.51 | 0.98 | 0.51 |
| Coaching Frequency | 0.63 | 0.71 | 0.88 | 0.61 | 0.79 | 0.32 | 1.00 | 1.39 | 0.98 | 0.55 | 0.50 | 0.40 | 0.55 | 0.44 |
| Selection Frequency | 1.83 | 1.99 | 1.79 | 1.96 | 1.39 | 1.78 | 1.44 | 2.23 | 1.93 | 1.57 | 1.25 | 2.31 | 1.33 | 2.22 |
| Organizational Stressors Intensity | 1.68 | 1.31 | 1.85 | 1.03 | 1.60 | 0.94 | 1.72 | 0.97 | 1.85 | 2.24 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.18 | 1.06 |
| Goals and Development Intensity | 2.27 | 1.36 | 2.55 | 1.56 | 2.24 | 1.71 | 2.26 | 1.51 | 2.11 | 1.16 | 1.69 | 2.46 | 1.79 | 2.10 |
| Logistics and Operations Intensity | 1.44 | 0.97 | 1.68 | 1.04 | 1.53 | 0.89 | 1.69 | 1.06 | 1.49 | 0.86 | 1.03 | 0.89 | 1.09 | 0.98 |
| Team and Culture Intensity | 1.45 | 1.72 | 1.87 | 1.26 | 1.71 | 1.31 | 2.01 | 1.66 | 1.73 | 1.21 | 0.98 | 0.74 | 0.98 | 0.73 |
| Coaching Intensity | 1.16 | 2.21 | 1.23 | 1.21 | 1.09 | 0.86 | 1.14 | 1.49 | 1.03 | 0.70 | 0.38 | 0.21 | 0.50 | 0.35 |
| Selection Intensity | 2.05 | 2.27 | 1.93 | 2.52 | 1.41 | 1.65 | 1.50 | 2.45 | 1.89 | 1.74 | 1.37 | 2.87 | 1.42 | 2.72 |
| Organizational Stressors Duration | 1.59 | 1.08 | 1.71 | 0.98 | 1.62 | 0.79 | 1.70 | 0.95 | 1.77 | 2.17 | 1.12 | 1.17 | 1.17 | 1.11 |
| Goals and Development Duration | 2.19 | 1.27 | 2.42 | 1.39 | 2.37 | 1.35 | 2.36 | 1.48 | 2.06 | 1.20 | 1.69 | 2.49 | 1.84 | 2.19 |
| Logistics and Operations Duration | 1.47 | 0.96 | 1.60 | 1.02 | 1.58 | 0.84 | 1.69 | 1.03 | 1.50 | 0.91 | 1.11 | 1.01 | 1.12 | 1.03 |
| Team and Culture Duration | 1.34 | 1.38 | 1.70 | 1.32 | 1.69 | 0.91 | 1.95 | 1.48 | 1.60 | 1.03 | 0.99 | 0.79 | 1.00 | 0.81 |
| Coaching Duration | 0.94 | 1.78 | 1.11 | 1.32 | 1.05 | 0.95 | 0.98 | 0.10 | 0.94 | 0.49 | 0.43 | 0.31 | 0.47 | 0.43 |
| Selection Duration | 1.99 | 2.31 | 1.70 | 2.15 | 1.41 | 1.65 | 1.50 | 2.45 | 1.89 | 1.74 | 1.37 | 2.87 | 1.42 | 2.72 |
| Appraisals | ||||||||||||||
| Challenge | 4.06 | 0.82 | 3.91 | 0.79 | 4.04 | 0.90 | 3.68 | 1.29 | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| Threat | 1.79 | 0.63 | 2.26 | 1.05 | 2.02 | 0.66 | 2.24 | 1.37 | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| Centrality | 3.24 | 1.01 | 2.94 | 1.42 | 3.17 | 1.20 | 3.24 | 1.57 | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| Controllable-by-self | 3.79 | 0.80 | 3.70 | 0.88 | 3.67 | 0.78 | 3.37 | 1.33 | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| Controllable-by-others | 3.59 | 1.18 | 3.76 | 1.04 | 3.61 | 0.95 | 3.41 | 1.72 | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| Uncontrollable-by-anyone | 1.54 | 0.45 | 1.89 | 1.05 | 1.59 | 0.48 | 1.96 | 0.83 | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| Stressfulness | 2.94 | 0.74 | 3.17 | 0.64 | 2.93 | 0.55 | 3.17 | 1.09 | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| Emotions | ||||||||||||||
| Anger | 0.45 | 0.71 | 0.78 | 0.96 | 0.72 | 0.82 | 1.15 | 1.68 | 1.12 | 0.98 | 0.67 | 0.45 | 0.53 | 0.39 |
| Anxiety | 2.02 | 1.34 | 2.30 | 1.21 | 2.05 | 0.92 | 2.15 | 1.66 | 1.72 | 1.20 | 1.17 | 0.63 | 1.03 | 0.08 |
| Dejection | 0.49 | 0.88 | 0.62 | 0.87 | 0.71 | 1.17 | 1.19 | 2.03 | 1.28 | 1.23 | 0.64 | 0.27 | 0.59 | 0.25 |
| Excitement | 2.93 | 0.99 | 2.74 | 0.83 | 2.68 | 0.52 | 2.59 | 1.73 | 2.34 | 0.81 | 2.28 | 1.17 | 2.25 | 1.22 |
| Happiness | 2.81 | 1.16 | 2.51 | 1.13 | 2.46 | 0.66 | 2.57 | 1.50 | 2.42 | 1.02 | 2.50 | 1.22 | 2.47 | 1.20 |
| Problem-focused Coping Strategies | 3.46 | 0.84 | 3.51 | 0.72 | 3.57 | 0.64 | 3.65 | 0.65 | 3.24 | 0.60 | 2.80 | 0.77 | 2.89 | 0.97 |
| SSSIR | 3.40 | 0.86 | 3.30 | 0.55 | 3.36 | 0.53 | 3.17 | 0.61 | 2.73 | 0.68 | 2.45 | 0.65 | 2.53 | 0.75 |
| Planning | 3.43 | 1.33 | 3.45 | 1.10 | 3.68 | 1.03 | 3.56 | 1.22 | 3.51 | 0.90 | 3.05 | 1.27 | 3.11 | 1.62 |
| Increasing Effort | 3.85 | 1.29 | 4.13 | 0.69 | 3.91 | 0.92 | 4.06 | 1.04 | 3.73 | 0.84 | 3.32 | 1.17 | 3.35 | 1.22 |
| Active Coping | 3.76 | 1.23 | 3.76 | 1.15 | 3.80 | 0.96 | 3.96 | 0.98 | 3.46 | 0.84 | 3.35 | 1.44 | 3.38 | 1.49 |
| Suppression of Competing Activities | 2.86 | 1.39 | 2.91 | 1.26 | 3.08 | 0.68 | 3.52 | 0.99 | 2.76 | 0.97 | 1.84 | 0.64 | 2.09 | 1.03 |
| Emotion-focused Coping Strategies | 2.23 | 0.45 | 2.47 | 0.34 | 2.45 | 0.73 | 2.77 | 0.80 | 2.27 | 0.50 | 1.91 | 0.23 | 1.93 | 0.27 |
| SSSER | 2.19 | 1.02 | 2.26 | 0.61 | 2.48 | 1.00 | 2.56 | 1.55 | 2.46 | 0.60 | 2.32 | 0.60 | 2.23 | 0.69 |
| Venting Emotions | 1.48 | 0.42 | 1.67 | 0.42 | 1.83 | 1.02 | 2.36 | 1.70 | 1.96 | 1.01 | 1.31 | 0.07 | 1.28 | 0.10 |
| Wishful Thinking | 2.51 | 0.65 | 2.71 | 0.79 | 2.56 | 0.91 | 3.08 | 1.44 | 2.08 | 1.06 | 1.96 | 0.38 | 1.90 | 0.33 |
| Self-blame | 2.81 | 1.55 | 2.93 | 1.31 | 2.74 | 1.35 | 2.94 | 1.70 | 2.68 | 1.32 | 2.23 | 1.37 | 2.33 | 1.54 |
| Humor | 2.18 | 1.08 | 2.76 | 1.26 | 2.65 | 1.38 | 2.91 | 1.45 | 2.21 | 1.39 | 1.73 | 0.65 | 1.92 | 0.92 |
| Avoidance Coping Strategies | 1.43 | 0.20 | 1.50 | 0.25 | 1.57 | 0.53 | 1.61 | 0.43 | 1.62 | 0.43 | 1.28 | 0.09 | 1.29 | 0.08 |
| Denial | 1.64 | 0.46 | 1.81 | 0.63 | 1.71 | 0.62 | 1.94 | 0.87 | 1.84 | 0.54 | 1.39 | 0.27 | 1.42 | 0.22 |
| Behavioral Disengagement | 1.21 | 0.24 | 1.19 | 0.09 | 1.43 | 0.67 | 1.26 | 0.40 | 1.39 | 0.55 | 1.17 | 0.13 | 1.17 | 0.14 |
| Well-being | 45.05 | 10.06 | 43.23 | 11.10 | 46.25 | 9.69 | 43.75 | 12.58 | 47.15 | 8.51 | 53.17 | 8.69 | 51.20 | 9.11 |
| Mental Health | 36.23 | 12.73 | 35.26 | 12.51 | 34.54 | 7.87 | 36.02 | 11.09 | 38.22 | 9.13 | 44.08 | 3.04 | 42.10 | 3.86 |
| Subjective Performance | 6.35 | 1.73 | 6.18 | 3.74 | 6.60 | 2.39 | 6.38 | 6.38 | 6.30 | 3.71 | 7.07 | 3.13 | 6.97 | 3.50 |
SSSIR, Seeking Social Support for Instrumental Reasons; SSSER, Seeking Social Support for Emotional Reasons; x, data not collected for this variable at these time points as questions were focused on the appraisals in relation to the upcoming Invictus Games.