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. 2019 Aug 1;12(8):28–39.

APPENDIX 3.

Impact of smoking in pack-yearsa on facial aging characteristics using linear regression controlling for age, body mass index, race, and countryb

MODEL / VARIABLEb ANOVA MODEL SUMMARY MAIN EFFECT FOR SMOKING STATUS UNSTANDARDIZED COEFFICIENTS P-VALUE
R2 PR > F B STD ERROR
Static forehead lines 0.24 0.002*
  1–10 pack-years 0.156 0.053 0.003*
  11–20 pack-years 0.157 0.061 0.010*
  >20 pack-years 0.092 0.043 0.033*
Static crow’s feet lines 0.42 0.001*
  1–10 pack-years 0.071 0.041 0.083
  11–20 pack-years 0.105 0.058 0.074
  >20 pack-years 0.186 0.050 0.0002*
Static glabellar linesd 0.39 <0.0001*
  1–10 pack-years 0.126 0.044 0.005*
  11–20 pack-years 0.149 0.063 0.018*
>20 pack-years 0.348 0.054 <0.0001*
Puffiness under eyesd 0.2 <0.001*
  1–10 pack-years 0.139 0.048 0.004*
  11–20 pack-years 0.224 0.068 0.001*
  >20 pack-years 0.093 0.058 0.110
Tear troughs 0.29 <0.001*
  1–10 pack-years 0.113 0.048 0.018*
  11–20 pack-years 0.152 0.068 0.025*
  >20 pack-years 0.199 0.058 0.001*
Midface volume loss 0.25 0.177
  1–10 pack-years 0.049 0.058 0.397
  11–20 pack-years 0.177 0.083 0.032*
  >20 pack-years 0.049 0.071 0.493
Nasolabial folds 0.36 <0.0001*
  1–10 pack-years 0.2673 0.054 <0.0001*
  11–20 pack-years 0.1505 0.077 0.049*
  >20 pack-years 0.3168 0.066 <0.0001*
Oral commissures 0.40 <0.0001*
  1–10 pack-years 0.136 0.043 0.002*
  11–20 pack-years 0.152 0.062 0.014*
  >20 pack-years 0.257 0.053 <0.0001*
Perioral lines 0.31 <0.001*
  1–10 pack-years 0.074 0.040 0.067
  11–20 pack-years 0.090 0.057 0.115
  >20 pack-years 0.209 0.049 <0.0001*
Lip fullnessd 0.30 <0.0001*
  1–10 pack-years 0.070 0.046 0.124
  11–20 pack-years 0.222 0.065 0.001*
  >20 pack-years 0.212 0.056 0.0001*
Visible blood vessels on cheeksd 0.04 0.303
  1–10 pack-years -0.035 0.047 0.457
  11–20 pack-years 0.036 0.057 0.514
  >20 pack-years 0.057 0.038 0.137
a

Data for covariates of age, body mass index, race, and country not included in this table to increase clarity

b

Using “never smoked” as the reference variable and listed facial features as dependent variables N=2,805 for all variables except

c

N=2,804

*

Statistically significant at p<0.05