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. 2019 Aug 1;12(8):28–39.

APPENDIX 4.

Impact of alcohol consumption on facial ageing characteristics using linear regression controlling for age, BMI, race, and countrya

MODEL / VARIABLEb ANOVA MODEL SUMMARY MAIN EFFECT FOR SMOKING STATUS UNSTANDARDIZED COEFFICIENTS P-VALUE
R2 PR > F B STD ERROR
Static forehead linesc 0.24 0.060
  Consumption in moderationd -0.012 0.031 0.689
  Heavye alcohol use 0.125 0.058 0.033*
Static crow’s feet lines 0.42 0.071
  Consumption in moderationd 0.022 0.029 0.445
  Heavye alcohol use 0.128 0.056 0.022*
Static glabellar linesc 0.38 0.107
  Consumption in moderationd 0.017 0.032 0.589
  Heavye alcohol use 0.128 0.061 0.035*
Puffiness under eyesc 0.21 0.021*
  Consumption in moderationd 0.075 0.034 0.026*
  Heavye alcohol use 0.143 0.064 0.026*
Tear troughs 0.29 0.057
  Consumption in moderationd 0.065 0.034 0.056
  Heavye alcohol use 0.124 0.065 0.056
Midface volume loss 0.25 0.016*
  Consumption in moderationd 0.085 0.042 0.041*
  Heavye alcohol use 0.199 0.079 0.012*
Nasolabial folds 0.35 0.272
  Consumption in moderationd 0.045 0.039 0.244
  Heavye alcohol use 0.102 0.073 0.164
Oral commissures 0.40 0.075
  Consumption in moderationd 0.048 0.031 0.123
  Heavye alcohol use 0.120 0.059 0.042*
Perioral lines 0.31 0.135
  Consumption in moderationd −0.008 0.029 0.784
  Heavye alcohol use 0.100 0.055 0.067
Lip fullnessc 0.30 0.079
  Consumption in moderationd 0.012 0.033 0.706
  Heavye alcohol use 0.041 0.062 0.514
Visible blood vessels on cheeksc 0.05 0.007*
  Consumption in moderationd 0.024 0.027 0.377
  Heavye alcohol use 0.164 0.052 0.002*
a

Data for covariates of age, body mass index, race, and country were not included in this table to increase clarity. Some participants responded “Yes” to the question, “Do you drink alcohol?”, but then responded “0” to the question “What is the average number of drinks that you consume per week?.” For this statistical model, weekly alcohol consumption was based only on drinks reported, i.e., n=1,329 women reported consuming 1 to 7 drinks per week, and 226 women reported consuming more than drinks per week; two responses were missing.

b

Using “no alcohol” as the reference variable and listed facial feature as dependent variables N=2,804 for all variables except

c

n=2,803

d

Defined as consuming up to one alcoholic drink (containing 14g/0.6 fl oz pure alcohol) per day, i.e. 1 to 7 drinks per week25

e

Defined as consuming more than one alcoholic drink per day, i.e., ≥8 drinks per week25

*

Statistically significant at p<0.05