Table 2. Baseline characteristics of the population associated with conversion to new onset diabetes and with prediabetes reversion—Univariate Cox model.
| Cox model–Univariate analyses | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conversion to new onset diabetes (138 events/389) |
Prediabetes reversion (268 events/389) |
|||||
| HR [95% CI] | p-value | Event/ pop. size |
HR [95% CI] | p-value | Event/ pop. size |
|
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||
| Age (+1 SD) | 0.96 [0.81; 1.13] | 0.60 | 138/389 | 0.93 [0.82; 1.05] | 0.24 | 268/389 |
| Sex (Women/men) | 1.19 [0.83; 1.70] | 0.34 | 138/389 | 1.08 [0.83; 1.41] | 0.57 | 268/389 |
| Diabetes risk score (+1 SD) | 1.50 [1.26; 1.78]*** | <0.0001 | 138/389 | 0.84 [0.74; 0.95]** | 0.0047 | 268/389 |
| Body mass index (+1 SD) | 1.39 [1.22; 1.58]*** | <0.0001 | 138/389 | 0.81 [0.71; 0.94]** | 0.0036 | 268/389 |
| Waist circumference (+1 SD) | <0.0001 | 138/389 | 0.29 | 268/389 | ||
| For men | 1.92 [1.54; 2.40]*** | 0.74 [0.62 ; 0.88] | ||||
| For women | 1.19 [0.97 ; 1.47] | 0.85 [0.69 ; 1.05] | ||||
| Hip circumference (+1 SD) | 1.37 [1.19; 1.57]*** | <0.0001 | 136/385 | 0.89 [0.78; 1.01] | 0.069 | 266/385 |
| Waist/hip ratio (+1 SD) | 1.21 [1.03; 1.43]* | 0.019 | 136/385 | 0.82 [0.72; 0.92]** | 0.0014 | 266/385 |
| Hypertension (y/n) | 1.31 [0.94; 1.83] | 0.12 | 138/388 | 0.91 [0.71; 1.17] | 0.47 | 267/388 |
| Metabolic syndrome† (y/n) | 2.30 [1.61; 3.28]*** | <0.0001 | 137/387 | 0.73 [0.57; 0.93]** | 0.0098 | 266/387 |
| Statin therapy (y/n) | 1.24 [0.84; 1.83] | 0.27 | 138/389 | 0.80 [0.59; 1.07] | 0.13 | 268/389 |
| Liver associated biomarkers | ||||||
| AST (+1 SD) | 1.31 [1.10; 1.56]** | 0.0027 | 89/244 | 0.98 [0.84; 1.15] | 0.81 | 152/244 |
| ALT (+1 SD) | 1.14 [0.99; 1.31] | 0.062 | 138/388 | 0.95 [0.84; 1.08] | 0.42 | 267/388 |
| GGT (+1 SD) | 1.04 [0.89; 1.22] | 0.61 | 138/389 | 1.13 [0.99; 1.28] | 0.068 | 268/389 |
| Fatty Liver Index (+1 SD) | 1.54 [1.27; 1.86]*** | <0.0001 | 138/389 | 0.84 [0.74; 0.94]** | 0.0037 | 268/389 |
| Other biomarkers | ||||||
| Fasting plasma glucose (+1 SD) | 1.49 [1.26; 1.77]*** | <0.0001 | 138/389 | 0.72 [0.63; 0.82]*** | <0.0001 | 268/389 |
| HbA1c (+1 SD) | 1.62 [1.35; 1.95]*** | <0.0001 | 135/384 | 0.76 [0.67; 0.87]*** | <0.0001 | 266/384 |
| Fasting insulin (+1 SD) | 1.38 [1.18; 1.61]*** | <0.0001 | 100/275 | 0.89 [0.77; 1.03] | 0.12 | 210/275 |
| HOMA-IR (+1 SD) | 1.42 [1.23; 1.66]*** | <0.0001 | 100/275 | 0.86 [0.74; 0.99]* | 0.042 | 210/275 |
| HMW-Adiponectin (+1 SD) | 0.80 [0.64; 1.01] | 0.056 | 100/276 | 1.05 [0.92; 1.21] | 0.47 | 210/276 |
| Total cholesterol (+1 SD) | 0.90 [0.76; 1.07] | 0.23 | 138/389 | 1.06 [0.94; 1.19] | 0.36 | 268/389 |
| TG (+1 SD) | 1.16 [1.01; 1.33]* | 0.037 | 138/389 | 0.99 [0.87; 1.12] | 0.86 | 268/389 |
| LDL-C (+1 SD) | 0.91 [0.77; 1.08] | 0.29 | 136/384 | 1.02 [0.90; 1.15] | 0.74 | 263/384 |
| HDL-C (+1 SD) | 0.77 [0.65; 0.93]** | 0.0063 | 137/388 | 1.13 [1.00; 1.27] | 0.054 | 267/388 |
| Non-HDL-C (+1 SD) | 0.98 [0.83; 1.16] | 0.81 | 137/388 | 1.01 [0.90; 1.14] | 0.86 | 267/388 |
† According to the IDF consensus statement
HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HMW: High Molecular Weight; HR: Hazard-ratio
* p <0.05;
** p < 0.01;
*** p < 0.001